摘要
周公是中国古代史、经学史上一位极其重要的人物。历来学者对他摄政或称王,说法纷纭。西汉儒去古未远,对周公的评论为后代研究周公提供了重要的材料。汉儒在当时的政治、文化、社会思潮的背景下对周公一生的事迹提出一些说法,主要有周公摄政或“践天子位”说,周公与成王的关系,周公诛管、蔡,周公是道统代表,是孝子等,由此可见周公在汉儒心目中有重要的地位。在汉代,孔子也被尊奉为圣人。汉儒还称赞孔子是孝子,是继周公之后的道统继承者。他们认为孔子与经学的关系极其密切,尤其是孔子撰写《春秋》,为汉制法。汉儒把孔子之言奉为言行的圭臬、指导原则。通过比较,可见周公、孔子都是汉儒心目中的圣人、孝子,汉儒更多引用孔子之言,孔子对汉儒各方面的影响要比周公广泛,但在政治思想领域,汉儒更偏重于尊崇周公。这与汉儒通经致用的思想不无关系,周公成为汉儒心目中的道统、圣王合一的代表。从西汉儒家对周公的论评,可从另一角度窥见西汉儒学的发展及学术与政治、思想的关系。
Zhou Gong or the Duke of Zhou is a sage master in the history of ancient China and classical learning.Scholars do not see eye to eye regarding whether he merely acted as a prince regent or proclaimed himself a king.The different sayings of Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty on Zhou Gong’s activities can afford a clue to be followed in tracing his life and thought.In general,most topics that Han Confucians discussed on Zhou Gong ranged from his royal capacity,namely,a prince regent or a self-proclaimed king,to the relationship between him and the King of Cheng,et cetera.Confucians respected him as a representative figure of the body of orthodox teachings as well as a good and worthy son in Confucian doctrine of filial piety.Zhou Gong is a great and important person in the eyes of Han Confucians.They discussed and elucidated his legacies with more earnestness after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a doctorate of the Five Classics and established Confucianism as the dominant ruling ideology.Through the comments of Han Confucians on Zhou Gong,we can gain a deeper insight into the development of Confucianism and the relationship amongst politics,academics and schools of thoughts in the Western Han Dynasty.
作者
杨兆贵
吴学忠
YANG Zhaogui;WU Xuezhong(Faculty of Education,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China;Language Center,Hong Kong Baptist University,Hong Kong 999077,China)
出处
《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》
2020年第2期1-12,共12页
Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“《国语》研究史”,项目编号:15BZS065。
关键词
西汉
儒家
周公
孔子
政治
文化
Western Han
Confucian and Confucianism
Zhou Gong
Confucius
