摘要
社会工作是科学理论指导下的助人活动,指导理论的差异显著影响了社会工作的介入视角。具体而言,保守理论倾向于将案主的问题归因于个性、心理、意志等个体层面,并运用行为矫正、心理疏导等方法实现个人治疗;批判理论则是将案主的困境归咎于社会结构,并提倡采取社会行动等宏观方法,推动结构变革。虽然二者都在社会工作领域得到了应用,但以心理学等保守理论为基础的个人治疗,始终占据专业主导地位,批判理论指导下的社会变革被边缘化。原因在于,心理学等微观理论易于操作,可以将抽象的理论观点转化为具体的治疗模式,继而容易被社会工作所吸收;同时,保守理论个体化的归因理念与西方自由主义、个人主义的主流意识形态相符,所以得到了统治阶层的支持。
Social work is helping activities guided by scientific theories,so it can be significantly affected by different theories.To be more specific,conservative theories incline to attribute clients’misery to individual level,such as personality,psychology and will,then to achieve personal treatment by behavior modification and psychological instruction.On the contrary,critical theories regard social structures as the origin of clients’dilemma,and advocate to promote social reform by collective actions.Although both conservative and critical theories are applied to social work practice,the personal therapy guided by conservative theories(psychological theories,etc)is in dominant position,social reform led by critical theories is marginalized.The reason is,on the one hand,psychological and micro theories can easily translate abstract viewpoints into concrete therapeutic models,which can be accepted by social work effectively.On the other hand,individualistic attribution of conservative theories is consistent with western liberalism and individualism,so it can be supported by ruling class.
作者
李伟
杨彩云
LI Wei;YANG Cai-yun(Department of Sociology,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,Shanxi,China;Department of Sociology,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《重庆工商大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第2期100-108,共9页
Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University：Social Science Edition
基金
教育部人文社科项目青年基金(19YJC840018)“社会工作中个人治疗与社会变革的争议及整合研究”。
关键词
保守理论
批判理论
个人治疗
结构变革
conservative theory
critical theory
individual therapy
structural reform
