摘要
作为一种精密制造技术,激光微加工在航空发动机中复杂部件的维护、修理和全面翻修(Maintenance,Repair and Overhaul,MRO)中表现出明显的优势和巨大的潜力.随着新一代航空发动机性能指标的不断提升,其关键零部件将长期服役于更为苛刻的极限环境下,如高温、高压以及高转速等,工况环境对其耐热性、机械强度、表面摩擦系数、防结冰性等方面提出了很高的要求.激光微加工作为一种非接触式的表面处理技术,可以促进以上相关性能的实现.本文将基于激光与航空材料相互作用机理及其应用,介绍激光微加工技术在航空发动机MRO和生产制造中的广泛应用,探究航空发动机先进制造过程中激光加工的具体工艺和特征.由于航空发动机制造和维修的过程十分复杂,研究人员将利用激光的单色性、高亮度、高方向性和相干性等特点,基于光热过程和光化学过程两种机理,探索激光与物质相互作用的物理机制和动态过程,并讨论其在激光微纳制造、清洗、增材制造、冲击强化以及焊接切割等关键制造工艺中的合理应用.本文对激光微加工领域在航空发动机行业中的技术进行了综述,为航空发动机维修和服务保障体系建设中所需的工程技术支援和前沿研究技术联动提供了一种新模式,有望能促进与之相关的保障装备得以快速发展.
In precision engineering,laser has been more applicable considering its great advantages in microprocessing and nanofabrication,which have great potentials and high impact applications in the maintenance,repair and overhaul(MRO)industry for aeroengines.Increasing efficiency of new-generation aeroengine requires functionalized metal components working under extreme conditions,such as high temperature,high pressure and high speed of rotation.As a non-contact manufacturing and re-manufacturing technology,laser microprocessing shows significant contribution in surface treatment of metallic components for aeroengines,leading to the performance enhancement of heat resistance,mechanical strength,decreased friction drag force and anti-icing property.In this article,laser interaction with aeronautical metallic materials and its applications are introduced for the manufacturing,maintenance and repair of aeroengines.It is interesting to explore the specific process and characteristics of laser processing,which play an important role in advanced manufacturing.Due to the complicated production procedures of aeroengine,it is of much significance to explore the physics behind laser interaction with materials in order to properly utilize the unique characteristics of laser,such as high monochromaticity,high brightness,high directivity and high coherence.Meanwhile,it benefits much to study the dynamic process of interactions and its mechanisms in laser applications,such as laser structuring,cleaning,additive manufacturing,peening,cutting and welding etc.There exist both photo-chemical and photo-thermal processes when laser and materials interact.Based on the laser microprocessing in the specific industry,the building-up MRO support system of aeroengines could be provided by a dynamic mechanism between the pioneering research outcomes and industrial demanding,leading to the fast development of advanced high-end manufacturing equipment.
作者
周锐
张姿
洪明辉
ZHOU Rui;ZHANG Zi;HONG MingHui(School of Aerospace Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Aero Engine Corporation of China,Beijing 100097,China;Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering,National University of Singapore,Singapore 117576,Singapore)
出处
《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期3-25,共23页
Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:61605162)
教育部蓝火计划产学研联合创新资金(编号:CXZJHZ201738)
福建省自然科学基金(编号:2017J05106)资助项目
