摘要
注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是一类患病率较高的精神发育障碍,其核心症状为注意缺陷、多动和冲动。以往的研究主要关注了ADHD的执行功能和认知控制,鉴于情绪调节异常对ADHD患者的多种社会生活(如社会交往、受挫应对、亲子关系等)都有负面影响,近年来越多来越多的研究者认为,情绪调节能力的缺失很可能是ADHD患者无法集中注意和多动冲动行为的重要原因。在行为层面,ADHD患者的情绪调节异常主要体现在情绪冲动性、情绪不稳定性和负性情绪性等几个方面。在神经生理层面,ADHD患者的情绪调节异常被发现与心率变异性、呼吸性窦性心律失常、晚期正成分LPP和静息态神经网络的活动异常等相关。研究者提出了关于ADHD的"冷"和"热"执行功能理论,其中"热"调节回路负责处理情绪调节过程。未来的研究还需要深入探讨ADHD患者的积极情绪诱发和保持困难,以及共病情况对ADHD情绪调节异常的影响。同时,研究者还应该结合神经生理技术和家系研究等,深入厘清ADHD患者情绪调节异常的脑机制及其遗传基础。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a kind of mental development disorder with high prevalence.Its core symptoms are attention deficit,hyperactivity and impulse.Previous studies mainly focused on the executive function and cognitive control of ADHD.Since emotion dysregulation in ADHD results in a lot of negative consequences,such as social interaction,coping with frustration and parent-child relationship,more and more researchers believe that the lack of emotional regulation ability is likely to be an important reason for ADHD patients'inability to focus attention and hyperactive impulse behavior in recent years.At the behavioral level,ADHD patients'emotion dysregulation is mainly reflected in emotional impulsivity,emotional lability and negative emotionality.At the neurophysiological level,emotion dysregulation in ADHD patients was found to be related to heart rate variability,respiratory sinus arrhythmia,late positive component LPP and activity abnormality of resting state neural network.Some researchers have proposed the"cold"and"hot"executive function theory of ADHD,in which the"hot"regulatory circuit is associated with the processing the emotional regulation process.Future studies are needed to explore the maintaining difficulty and inducing positive emotion in ADHD,and the influence of comorbidities in ADHD.Moreover,researchers should combine neurophysiological method and family study to clarify the brain mechanism and its genetic basis underlying emotion dysregulation in ADHD patients.
作者
吴遥
胡治国
刘宏艳
Wu Yao;Hu Zhiguo;Liu Hongyan(Psychology Department,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Institutes of Psychological Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)
出处
《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期84-88,共5页
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
基金
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY19C090001)。
关键词
注意缺陷多动障碍
情绪调节
冲动性
抑制
脑机制
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Emotion regulation
Impulsivity
Inhibition
Brain mechanism
