摘要
互联网一经发明就一直伴随着治理,互联网的发展史也是一部互联网治理史。全球互联网治理大致可分为IETF技术治理、ICANN私人治理、联合国参与治理、后WSIS与后WCIT并存治理四个阶段。互联网的治理史同时也是一部互联网治理模式的变迁史。目前的互联网治理已进入多利益攸关方和多边两种互联网治理模式并存与冲突的时期。两种治理模式在指导原则、治理动机、治理目标、合法性来源、利益攸关者代表、政府角色、治理功能、治理权力、政策制定程序、程序透明度、治理影响等方面均存在较大冲突。两种治理模式之间的根本冲突表现为对"谁拥有互联网治理权力"问题的不同认识上。互联网治理的未来走向应该是在借鉴联合国教科文组织提出的"互联网普遍性"理念和其涵盖的4项基本原则的基础上,承认多利益攸关方和多边两种治理模式的底线,促进现有两种治理模式之间的妥协和融合,构建各方都能接受的新型互联网治理模式,即构建多方平等治理模式。为了保障多方平等治理模式的实现,应尽快制定具有国际法效力的《互联网治理国际条约》。
The Internet governance has existed since 1969. The evolutionary history of internet is the one of internet governance. This study divides the process of the global internet governance into about four phases:IETF’s involvement in internet governance,ICANN’s involvement in internet governance, UN’s involvement in Internet governance, post-WSIS and post-WCIT internet governance. The history of Internet governance is the one of evolution of Internet governance model. The current Internet governance has entered a period of coexistence and conflict between multi-stakeholder model and multilateral one. There are a number of conflicts between the multi-stakeholder model and multilateral one in guiding principles, guiding assumption(s), legitimacy sources, representation of stakeholders, role of governments, key governance function, authority, policy making process, transparency of process, standard setting, major constituency, implications and other aspects. The critical conflicts between the two governance models is manifested in different under standings of who has the power to govern the Internet. In order to make the future of Internet governance better, we should draw lessons from the concept of "Internet universality" proposed by UNESCO and the four basic principles it covers,respect the bottom line of multi-stakeholder and multilateral governance models,realize the compromise and integration of the existing two governance models,and build a new Internet governance model acceptable to all actors, namely, multiple participation in internet governance model on equal footing. For the purpose of ensuring the realization of this goal, an International Treaty on Internet Governance with the validity of international law should be formulated as soon as possible.
作者
郑文明
Zheng Wenming(Capital University of Economics and Business of China)
出处
《新闻与传播评论》
CSSCI
2020年第2期5-20,共16页
Journalism & Communication Review
基金
北京市社会科学基金重点项目(19XCA002)
关键词
多利益攸关方治理
多边治理
信息社会世界峰会
互联网治理国际条约
multistakeholder model of Internet governance
multilateral model of Internet governance
World Summit of Information Society
International Treaty on Internet Governance
