摘要
中空多壳层结构材料因具有由外至内次序排列的多个壳层,赋予了材料独特的时空有序性,在电化学储能、太阳能转换、电磁波吸收、催化、气敏、药物释放等领域有着巨大的应用潜力.然而由于结构的复杂性,缺乏普适可控的合成方法成为制约该新型功能材料发展与应用的关键.次序模板法的发展,实现了中空多壳层结构材料的普适可控合成,促进了该领域的迅速发展.本文简单回顾了中空多壳层结构材料合成方法的发展历程,主要总结了次序模板法从提出到日益成熟的发展过程,深入分析了次序模板法的特点与适用范围,剖析了次序模板法促进中空多壳层结构材料迅速发展的原因,最后探讨了中空多壳层结构材料在可控合成上面临的挑战和未来的发展方向.
The hollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)has at least two separated shells spatially ordered from outside to inside.This unique,temporal-spatial ordered structure endows an abundance of beneficial physicochemical properties,including high surface-to-volume ratios,short mass transport lengths and high loading capacities.Due to these favorable properties,the HoMS has been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for many potential applications,including electrochemical energy storage,solar energy conversion,electromagnetic wave absorption,catalysis,gas detection,and drug delivery.However,for a long time,achieving general and controllable synthesis of the HoMS,using conventional soft-templating or hierarchical self-assembly methods,has remained a great challenge,due to the complexity of the structure.This has limited the development and application of novel functional materials.Thus,in this article,we turn our heads to the development of the sequential templating approach(STA),which has greatly enriched both the compositional diversity and the geometrical diversity of the HoMS,leading to more controllable and applicable HoMS.Here,we first review the development process and characteristics of the STA for the synthesis of the HoMS.The STA,which was first reported by our research group and then further developed by others,has proven to be a universal and controllable technique to building HoMS with diverse compositions and structures.The essence of this approach is that the template can play a role of"multiple and sequential templating"during the removal process,and the precursors incorporating the template are then aggregated,solidified,and crystallized to gradually form rigid multiple shells.The STA has several attractive advantages:(1)There are no limitations on the composition or shape of the template.In addition to the most commonly used carbonaceous microspheres,other shapes and compositions such as polymers,metal-organic frameworks,and metal carbonates can also be used as the template for fabricating th
作者
李萌
毛丹
王丹
Meng Li;Dan Mao;Dan Wang(State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第34期3516-3525,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(21590795,21820102002,21821005)
中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ201623)和中国科学院-昆士兰合作科学基金(122111KYSB20170001)资助
关键词
中空多壳层结构
功能材料
次序模板法
可控合成
时空有序结构
hollow multishelled structure
functional materials
sequential templating approach
controlled synthesis
temporal-spatial ordered structure
