摘要
保守主义是一种依赖历史情境的思潮,其内涵带有鲜明的时代特征。当代美国保守主义的外交政策主张介于新保守主义和旧保守主义两个极端之间,前者主张单极体系下的政权变更和先发制人,呈现为一种扩张的政策逻辑;后者坚持孤立主义,质疑多边机制的功效,表现出一种收缩的政策逻辑。特朗普执政以来,美国的外交政策显示出大量的旧保守主义特征,这既印证了美国外交政策的战略收缩态势,又体现了特朗普交易式外交的实用主义色彩。在民族主义和民粹主义的冲击下,美国保守主义的未来发展并不乐观。也许只有通过重新强调公共精神并重塑美国公民身份,保守主义才能够返本开新,为缓和身份政治造成的社会撕裂贡献力量。保守主义在未来的发展方向也许是影响美国政治走向的关键议题。
As a school of thought,Conservatism is highly contextualized and connotes distinct characteristics in each era.The main claims of contemporary American conservative foreign policies stand somewhere between neoconservatism and paleoconservatism.The former advocates coersive regime change and preemptive strike under unipolarity,presenting a logic of strategic expansion;and the latter upholds isolationism and questions the effects of multilateral mechanisms,showing a logic of strategic retrenchment.The Trump administration s foreign policies have shown extensive paleoconservative characteristics since his inauguration,which not only confirms the strategic retrenchment of the US,but reflects the pragmatic characteristics of Trump s transactional diplomacy.Influenced by nationalism and populism,the future of American conservatism seems opaque.Only by laying stress on public spirits and a reshaped American citizenship can conservatism be able to ease the societal tensions caused by identity politics.The future evolvement of conservatism may substantially influence the development of American politics.
作者
田旭
TIAN Xu(Institute of World Economics and Politics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《当代美国评论》
2019年第4期17-32,122,共17页
Contemporary American Review
