摘要
新型文物材料的研发是文物保护科学研究的重要内容之一。一种合格的文物保护材料不仅能够维持文物理化性能的完整性,而且能够保留其原真性,最大程度地保留文物的艺术价值和美学特征。目前,借鉴和“移植”材料学领域成熟的研究方法及材料是文物保护材料研发的常用手段。仿生超疏水材料是人们受到自然界许多生物表面的特殊浸润现象的启发而研发出来的一类材料的统称,作为近年来材料学研究的热点之一,它们也逐渐开始受到文物保护工作者的关注。究其根本,液态水是多种文物劣变的直接或间接原因。因此,以此类材料为文物表面进行疏水封护处理尤为适合。由于具有优异的疏水性,仿生超疏水材料能够有效地阻止液态水的附着、渗透和水蒸气的凝结,进而避免了文物表面甚至内部一系列由水引起的病变。更重要的是,当水接触角大于150°且接触角滞后值小于10°时,超疏水材料便具备了自清洁功能,即无需人为干预,表面流动的液态水(例如自然降雨)就能够在该材料处理过的文物表面自发地带走附着的污物。这种特殊的性能对文物,尤其是露天文物的保护具有重要意义。本文在分析仿生超疏水材料基本原理的基础上,总结了这类材料在文物保护领域最常用的几种制备方法,然后概括性地阐述了现阶段该类材料在石质文物、金属文物、木质文物和纺织品等多种文物疏水处理、自清洁保护中的具体实例和应用前景及独特优势;同时针对性地指出了目前仿生超疏水材料在文物保护应用中未能广泛应用的主要问题,即材料种类的不足和材料性能长期性监测的缺乏。最后,对此类材料今后的研究发展方向进行了展望。
New material research is one of the important focus for heritage conservation. A qualified material can not only protect the physical and chemicalintegrity of cultural objects,but also preserve their artistic and aesthetic features. They shall well conserve the authenticity of cultural heritage.Learning from the well-established methods and materials employed for research in materials science is a common approach for developing new materials for art conservation. Bioinspired superhydrophobic materials are a general term for a class of materials which were fabricated by studying the special wetting phenomena observed on many biological surfaces in nature. As one of the priorities in materials science research recently,they have gradually attracted the attention of conservation scientists. As a matter of fact,liquid water is directly or indirectly related to the deterioration of many different types of cultural objects. Superhydrophobic materials,yet,are particularly suitable for hydrophobization on artworks.Owing to their excellent hydrophobicity,superhydrophobic materials can effectively prevent the adhesion,penetration of liquid water and the condensation of water vapor,thus greatly relieving water-induced decay phenomena. More importantly,the superhydrophobic surfaces equipped with self-cleaning property,on which water contact angle is more than 150° while the contact angle hysteresis is less than 10°,can spontaneously clean the dirt,dust attached to the surface,restoring the artistic features simultaneously. These characteristics of super-antiwetting materials are very significant for artwork conservation,especially for those exposed in open air.Based on the analysis of the basic principle of bionic superhydrophobic materials,this paper summarizes several preparation methods of bionic superhydrophobic materials in the field of cultural relics protection,briefly expounds the concrete examples,application prospects and unique advantages of this kind of materials in the hydrophobic treatment of stone cultural r
作者
曹颐戬
王聪
王丽琴
CAO Yijian;WANG Cong;WANG Liqin(Department of Chemistry,University of Florence,Florence 50019,Italy;Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources,National Research Council,Florence 50121,Italy;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第3期178-184,共7页
Materials Reports
关键词
仿生
超疏水材料
自清洁性能
文物保护
bioinspired
superhydrophobic materials
self cleaning property
heritage conservation
