摘要
为了解上海市郊区家庭妇女大气PM2. 5及重金属组分的呼吸暴露水平和潜在健康风险,于2017年2月至2018年6月使用SKC个体采样泵对松江区143位研究对象开展个体暴露监测,采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(ED-XRF)测定PM2. 5中13种无机元素的质量浓度.利用PMF源解析技术和美国环保署推荐的健康风险评价模型,对Ni、V、Cr、Mn、As和Pb的来源和暴露风险进行分析.结果表明,家庭主妇PM2. 5的年日均暴露浓度为40. 61μg·m-3,普遍高于周边环境监测站点的PM2. 5平均水平. Cr(Ⅵ)和As的致癌健康风险超过了可接受水平(10-6);V、Cr(Ⅵ)、Mn、Ni和As的非致癌风险处于安全水平,但5种元素的非致癌风险加和超出了安全阈值(> 1). PM2. 5中10种无机元素(Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、As和Pb)的主要来源包括扬尘与室内源混合源(43. 8%)、工业冶炼尘(34. 6%)、燃煤(14. 5%)和燃油(7. 2%).根据源类的健康风险评价结果,应进一步加强工业冶炼和化石燃料燃烧综合防控.
To investigate exposure characteristics and potential health risk of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in housewives in rural areas,265 personal exposure samples from 143 subjects were collected in the Songjiang district,Shanghai from February 2017 to June 2018.Mass concentrations of 13 elements in PM2.5 were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(ED-XRF).The sources of heavy metal components in PM2.5 were analyzed using positive matrix factorization(PMF).The inhalation health risks of exposure to Ni,V,Cr,Mn,As,and Pb were analyzed using the US EPA health risk assessment model.The results showed that the average concentration of personal exposure to PM2.5 was 40.61μg·m-3 in housewives,which was higher than the concentration at peripheral monitoring stations.The carcinogenic risks of Cr(Ⅵ)and As exceeded the acceptable risk level(10-6).The noncarcinogenic risks of V,Cr(Ⅵ),Mn,Ni,and As were all below the safety threshold,while the total non-carcinogenic risks of these five elements were higher than the safety threshold(>1).The results of PMF indicated that resuspended dust and indoor dust(43.8%),the metallurgy industry(34.6%),coal combustion(14.5%),and fossil-fuel combustion(7.2%)were the major sources of ten elements(Al,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn,As,and Pb)in PM2.5.Based on the results of health risk assessment of pollution sources,control measures on the metallurgy industry and fossil-fuel combustion should be further strengthened.
作者
罗燃燃
戴海夏
张蕴晖
乔利平
马英歌
周敏
夏斌
朱清扬
赵迎亚
黄成
LUO Ran-ran;DAI Hai-xia;ZHANG Yun-hui;QIAO Li-ping;MA Ying-ge;ZHOU Min;XIA Bin;ZHU Qing-yang;ZHAO Ying-ya;HUANG Cheng(Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education,School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex,Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期5224-5233,共10页
Environmental Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0206800,2016YFC0206801)
