摘要
1974年8月,山西省考古研究所与大同市博物馆,联合对位于山西省大同市城西云冈镇石头村的北魏墓进行了发掘。墓葬北距云冈石窟约5华里,位于武州川南岸山坡小丘陵顶上,埋葬的地方比较特殊。墓葬出土器物有陶俑、庖厨和动物模型、陶罐、陶壶、连枝陶灯、石灯、龙头铜杆首、龙头锡杆首、莲花龙纹铜乳钉、素面铜乳钉、骨器、漆器等,从出土器物的造型及装饰纹样风格,推测其为5世纪后半期北魏平城时期墓葬。大同至今已发现北魏墓葬几千座,多以家族墓地为主,埋葬于北魏平城的城东及城南。城北仅见文明皇太后冯氏的永固陵,城西有佛教圣地云冈石窟。平城西面仅零星发现数座北魏墓葬,埋葬地点亦分散,有的为迁都之后的墓葬。本文对其中616厂、小站村、张家湾北魏墓的出土器物做简单介绍,以便全面了解北魏平城时期墓葬情况。
The Northern Wei tombs,situated in Shitou Village of Datong City of Shanxi Province,were jointly excavated by Shanxi Archaeological Institute and Datong Museum in August 1974.The location of these tombs is quite special,about 2.5 kilometers north of Yungang Grottoes,on the top of the hills of the hilly terrain on the south bank of Wuzhouchuan.The objects unearthed in the tombs include terracotta figures,kitchen and animal models,pottery pots,pottery branch lamps,stone lamps,dragon head pole cap(copper or tin),copper nails with lotus and dragon patterns,plain copper nails,bone utensils and lacquer wares etc.From the shape and decorative pattern style of the unearthed objects,it is inferred that the tombs date back to the Pingcheng Period of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the second half of the fifth century.Up to now,thousands of tombs of the same dynasty have been excavated in Datong,mostly family cemeteries buried in the east and south of Pingcheng.To the north of the city lies only the Yonggu Mausoleum of the"Wenming"Empress Feng.And the Yungang Grottoes,a Buddhist shrine,lie in the west.Only a few Northern Wei tombs were found in the west of Pingcheng,and the burial sites were scattered,some of which were built after the displacement of the capital.This paper briefly introduces the unearthed objects in Northern Wei Tombs of Factory 616,Xiaozhan Village and Zhangjiawan in the purpose of fully presenting the distribution of Northern Wei tombs.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期6-22,共17页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
北魏
平城时期
城西
墓葬
the Northern Wei Dynasty
the Period of Pingcheng
west of city
tombs
