摘要
阶层流动是指人们在社会分层体系中相对位置的变化。人们普遍预期,向上流动促进个体发展和社会进步。然而近期研究也表明,向上流动还可能损害个体健康和主观幸福感,使人们低估和容忍社会不平等,并反对再分配。文化适应论、分离论、地位认同、贫富归因倾向以及系统公正信念能够解释阶层流动的"双刃剑"效应。未来研究需要进一步澄清阶层流动感知的具体表现,深入考察阶层流动影响的心理机制,探索促进阶层流动积极效应发挥的干预方法。
Class mobility refers to the change of individual’s relative rank in a hierarchical society.Upward class mobility is widely believed to bring benefit to both individuals and societies.However,recent research has evidenced that upward class mobility has negative effects as well.In this review,we focus on the"double-edged sword"(i.e.,both positive and negative)effect of class mobility and its psychological mechanisms on individual and society.At the individual level,people(especially for those lower-class members)would experience the cost of health and subjective well-being as a result of upward mobility.The acculturation thesis and dissociative thesis concerned and explained the positive and negative effect of upward class mobility,respectively.However,the status-based identity framework provided an integrated view for explaining the"double-edged sword"effect of class mobility.Specifically,upward class mobility would generate status-based identity uncertainties,which were circumstances that led people to question and feel uncertain about their own identities.This kind of identity challenges would harm health and subjective well-being of individuals.At the societal level,the experience and perception of upward class mobility would lead people to underestimate and even tolerate social inequality,as well as be less likely to support redistribution policies.The societal effect of class mobility could be explained with internal attribution for the rich-poor gap as well as system justification belief.Specifically,when perceived higher class mobility,people might have greater tendency to internal attribution rather than external attribution of unequal wealth redistribution,which would lead people to less support redistribution policies.In addition,class mobility belief has also been conceptualized as a system-justifying ideology due to its focus on procedural fairness,that is,people believe that they are able to move up or down in a social hierarchy.Thus,class mobility perception is associated with more tolerance of so
作者
张跃
郭永玉
丁毅
李凯
Zhang Yue;Guo Yongyu;Ding Yi;Li Kai(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097)
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期1230-1235,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
关键词
阶层流动
健康
主观幸福感
社会公平
“双刃剑”效应
class mobility
health
subjective well-being
social fairness
the"double-edged sword"effect
