摘要
目的:探寻我国优秀男子撑杆跳高运动员与国外优秀运动员技术方面的差距,为备战2020年东京奥运会提供参考。方法:用高速摄像机拍摄频率为120帧/s,记录我国运动员的助跑和起跳过程,采用视讯影片解析系统进行数字化过程,获得技术动作关键参数,与同场竞技国外优秀选手进行对比分析。结果:1)我国男子撑杆跳高运动员助跑速度已属于世界水平。2)我国运动员后两步的步长充分且合理,但黄博凯后4步的步频过快。3)我国选手起跳时间偏长,插穴时间短,属于先插穴后起跳。4)我国选手起跳过程中,支撑腿最小膝关节角度偏小,起跳过程中重心偏低。5)我国选手重心水平速度的损失率高,起跳离地瞬间重心速度偏小。6)我国男子选手起跳过程中肩关节移动速度偏小。7)黄博凯、姚捷上手握杆点在地面的投影点和起跳点的水平距离偏大,且起跳距离偏小,说明2人的起跳点偏近。结论及建议:1)我国男子撑杆跳高运动员助跑速度足够,应该在助跑的节奏上、稳定性上下功夫,建议我国运动员在助跑过程中保持高重心,最终形成轻松、自然、不紧不慢的持杆助跑。2)我国男子撑杆跳高运动员起跳意识差,起跳效果有待提高,竞技成绩和世界优秀选手差距明显,建议我国运动员强化起跳意识,保持起跳过程中的高重心,在起跳过程中双手快速举杆,最终形成起跳过程中快速的重心移动、有利的身体姿态、良好的起跳效果。
Objective:In order to explore the technical gap between Chinese elite male pole vaulters and foreign elite athletes, and to provide reference for Chinese preparing for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Methods:By using of the high-speed vedio which frequency was 120 f/s and types was CASIO-EX-FH25,we got the approach and take-off phase which was analyzed by SHIXU analyzing system.Then we contrast the key parameters between Chinese elite and world elite.Results:1)There was no gap between Chinese and wold elite in the approach velocity.2) The step length of Chinese elite was reasonable,however,the last four strides frequency of Huang Bo-kai was fast.3) The Chinese elite take-off time was long and planting box time was short.4) During the approach phase,the lowest angle of supporting leg knee joint of Chinese elite was small and the height of Centre of Mass was low too.5)The loss rate of horizontal velocity during the takeoff phase was high,and the velocity instant at the moment of the takeoff foot loss contact the ground was small.6) The velocity of shoulder joint was not enough during the take-off phase.7) For HUANG Bo-kai and YAO Jie,The horizontal distance between foot tip of the take-off leg and upper grip at the instant of take-off was large,It means that they both have near take-off position.Conclution: 1) Chinese pole-vaulting athletes have sufficient run-up speed and should work hard on the pace and stability of the run-up.It is suggested that Chinese elite should maintain a high center of gravity in the run-up process and eventually form a relaxed,natural and leisurely pole-holding run-up.2) Chinese elite have poor awareness of taking off,and the effect of taking off needs to be improved.It is suggested to strengthen their consciousness,maintain the high center of gravity. In the take-off process,both hands quickly lift the pole,and finally form the rapid center of gravity movement,favorable body posture and good take-off effect in the take-off process.
作者
周浩祥
潘家武
苑廷刚
ZHOU Hao-xiang;PAN Jia-wu;YUAN Ting-gang(Anhui Research Institute of Sports Science,Hefei 230001,Anhui;National Institute of Sports Science of China,Beijing 100061,China)
出处
《山东体育学院学报》
北大核心
2019年第5期111-118,共8页
Journal of Shandong Sport University
基金
田径跳跃项目国家队备战东京奥运会(2017年度)科技服务(2017H7036)
国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费专项(基本16-34)
关键词
男子
撑杆跳高
助跑
起跳
对比研究
male
pole vault
approach
take-off
comparative study
