摘要
本文试图揭示国际关系中存在的家长主义倾向,以此试图表明干涉的必要性与其合法性不足之间存在的两难境地。通常而言,国际家长主义总是希望帮助所谓的“落后民族”摆脱失序状态,提高自治能力,并教会其文明的生活方式,但此一作为却又往往引致人们对侵犯主权的担忧。尤其是当人们不再认同之前被用来解释“落后民族”为何“落后”的种族主义、环境决定论等理由之后,国际社会就越来越难以理所当然地施行国际家长主义政策。尽管现今国际社会的“自然法”转向为推行家长主义政策——如人道主义干涉——提供了新的因由,但主权观念仍在以及对国家利益的考虑始终阻碍着各国完全认可国际家长主义。并且,即便最终赞同要采取家长主义政策,但资源的限制和漫长的时间还是往往会导致政策的失败。
This paper aims to reveal the paternalism in international relations to show the dilemma between the necessity of intervention and the lack of legitimacy.Generally speaking,international paternalism always hopes to help the so-called“backward nations”get rid of the disorder,improve their ability of autonomy and bring civilization to these peoples,but this act is always considered to be infringement of sovereignty.Especially nowadays when people no longer agree with the reasons of racism and environmental determinism that were used to explain why“backward nations”are backward,it is more and more difficult for the international community to implement the international paternalism policy.Although the shift of“natural law”in the international community has provided new reasons for the implementation of paternalistic policies,such as humanitarian intervention,the concept of sovereignty and the consideration of national interests have always hindered the relevant countries from fully recognizing international paternalism.Moreover,even if accepted by the country,the paternalistic policy may still fail due to the limit of resources and lengthy process.
作者
朱剑
ZHU Jian(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)
出处
《学术探索》
2019年第11期66-77,共12页
Academic Exploration
基金
2018年“上海高校青年教师培养资助计划”(A-1302-19-007-08)
关键词
家长主义
落后民族
失败国家
人道主义干涉
paternalism
backward peoples
failed state
humanitarian intervention.
