摘要
【目的】研究秸秆高留茬条件下不同秸秆覆盖量对稻田杂草及水稻产量的影响,选择合适的秸秆覆盖量。【方法】在小麦收割前1~2 d采用人工播撒苏秀867稻种12.5 kg,用Kubota G688机器在小麦秸秆高留茬(16~20 cm)条件下,将小麦秸秆粉粹成长度8~10 cm,采用人工分别将秸秆按照1.00、0.75、0.50、0.25、0 kg/m^2覆盖稻田,3 d后上水。【结果】不同时间调查发现,秸秆覆盖量≤0.25 kg/m^2的处理水稻7~45 d成苗率均无变化;当秸秆覆盖量≥0.50 kg/m^2,随着秸秆覆盖量的增加,15 d内水稻成苗率下降,15~45 d水稻成苗率不再变化;对杂草控制情况看,随着秸秆覆盖量增加,田间杂草防控效果明显增加,高留茬条件下秸秆覆盖量≥0.75 kg/m^2的2个处理30 d对杂草的防效均为100%,45 d对稗草的株防效≥89.25%,对阔叶杂草的防效均为100%;秸秆覆盖量为0.50 kg/m^2的处理45 d对稗草防效为84.95%,对阔叶草的防效为100%。对产量的影响来看,高留茬条件下,秸秆覆盖量≤0.25 kg/m^2条件下,随秸秆覆盖量增加,产量明显增加;秸秆覆盖量为>0.25 kg/m^2,≤1.00 kg/m^2条件下,随秸秆覆盖量的增加,水稻产量显著下降。【结论】综合水稻出苗率、杂草防控效果以及水稻产量3个因素,高留茬条件下秸秆覆盖量在0.25~0.50 kg/m^2最佳,结合本地区秸秆可收集综合利用率,小麦理论产量在221~443 kg/667m^2最佳,适合在本地区推广。
【Objective】For selecting appropriate straw mulching amount,the effect of different straw amount on weeds and yield under high stubble condition of wheat straw in rice field was studied.【Method】Under the condition of high stubble retention(16-20 cm)of wheat straw,1-2 days before wheat harvest,12.5 kg of Suxiu 867 rice seeds were planted artificially,the wheat straw powder growth was 8-10 cm by Kubota G688 machine.The straw was covered with rice fields according to 1.00,0.75,0.50,0.25 and 0 kg/m^2 artificially.After 3 days,water was added.【Result】The results of different time investigation showed that the seedling rate of rice treated with straw mulching less than 0.25 kg/m^2 had no change from 7 to 45 days;when straw mulching was more than or equal to 0.50 kg/m^2,with the increase of straw mulching,the seedling rate of rice decreased within 15 days,and the seedling rate of rice did not change between 15 and 45 days;the weed control situation showed that with the increase of straw mulching,the field weeds increased.The control effect of straw mulching(>0.75 kg/m^2)on weeds was 100%for 30 days,89.25%for barnyard grass and 100%for broad-leaved weeds for 45 days and 84.95%for barnyard grass and 100%for broad-leaved weeds for 45 days under high stubble retention conditions.Under the condition of high stubble retention,under the condition of straw coverage less than 0.25 kg/m^2,the yield increased significantly with the increase of straw coverage;under the condition of straw coverage more than 0.25 kg/m^2 and less than 1.00 kg/m^2,the rice yield decreased significantly with the increase of straw coverage.Combining the three factors of rice emergence rate,weed control effect and rice yield,the best straw coverage was 0.25-0.50 kg/m^2 under the condition of high stubble retention.【Conclusion】Combining with the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in this region,the best theoretical yield of wheat was 221-443 kg/667 m^2,which was suitable for promotion in Huaian.
作者
付佑胜
刘伟中
张凯
曹凯歌
赵桂东
FU You-sheng;LIU Wei-zhong;ZHANG Kai;CAO Kai-ge;ZHAO Gui-dong(Huaiyin Institute of Agecultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Jiangsu Huaian 223001,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期2313-2318,共6页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
江苏农业科技自主创新基金[CX16(1001)]
淮安市农科院科研基金[HNY2016(02)]
关键词
小麦秸秆
高留茬
不同秸秆量
水稻
杂草
Wheat straw
High stubble
Different straw amount
Rice
Weeds
