摘要
日本裁判员制度是独立于大陆法系参审制和英美法系陪审制的新型国民参与司法制度。按照日本裁判员制度的基本要求,参与案件审理的裁判员应当符合规定的条件,从普通国民中随机抽选;同时裁判员和法官共同参与特定范围的刑事案件的审理和裁判。日本裁判员制度的基本特点是:担任裁判员候选人的门槛很低,大多数国民都有资格担任裁判员;裁判员只能参与审理重大的刑事案件,普通刑事案件由法官直接作出裁判;裁判员和法官在案件审理过程中,与法官享有基本相同的职权;建立充分保障裁判员实质性参与司法案件参审程序和机制;国家对参与司法的国民提供严格的制度保护,同时对不履行参审义务的国民以及扰乱参审秩序的行为采取严厉的惩戒措施。日本国民参与刑事审判制度的经验对目前我国正在进行的人民陪审员制度改革具有借鉴和启示意义。
The referee system in Japan is a new system for citizens’participation in justice independent of the assessor system in the Civil Law system and the jury system in the common law system.According to the basic requirements of the Japanese referee system,the referees participating in trial should meet the prescribed conditions and be selected randomly from common citizens,meanwhile,the referees and judges jointly participate in trial and adjudication of specific criminal cases.The basic characteristics of the referee system in Japan are:the threshold for candidates for referees is very low,and most of the citizens are qualified to serve as referees;the referees can only participate in trial of major criminal cases,while ordinary criminal cases are directly decided by judges;in the process of trial,the powers of referees are basically similar to those of judges;establishing the procedures and mechanisms to sufficiently ensure judges’substantive participation in judicial cases;the state providing strict institutional protection for citizens participating in justice,and at the same time taking strict punitive measures against those who fail to fulfill their obligations to participate in justiceor disrupt the order of participation.The experience of the system of Japanese citizens participating in criminal trial can offer references and enlightenment for the ongoing reform of the people's assessor system in China.
作者
胡荣
胡夏冰
Hu Rong;Hu Xiabing
出处
《中国应用法学》
2019年第5期174-196,共23页
China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence
关键词
国民参与司法
裁判员制度
司法民主
人民陪审员制度改革
citizens'participation in justice
referee system
judicial democracy
reform of the people's assessor system
