摘要
灰霾是一种环境灾害现象,它不仅对空气质量和气候有着严重的影响,还威胁着人们的身体健康。从20世纪80年代开始,科技工作者们对灰霾的定义、霾天气的时空变化,灰霾的理化特征、环境危害等都做了大量研究。文章在这些文献的基础上,对灰霾相关研究做了初步总结。灰霾一般是大气边界层乃至对流层低层整体的大气浑浊现象,与雾、沙尘暴、光化学烟雾等都有着明显的不同。现阶段,不仅雾霾日数越来越多,而且影响范围也越来越广。灰霾主要由粒径较小的气溶胶微粒组成,一般在1μm以下,化学组成主要有水溶性离子,有机成分,金属元素等。灰霾气溶胶具有明显的消光作用,通过太阳光的吸收、散射和反射,使大气能见度显著降低。灰霾对全球和区域气候、人体健康、水陆空交通等都存在严重影响和危害。
The haze weather is a disaster,which is not only has a huge effect on the air quality,but also threatening humans' health.Since 1980 s, scientific and technological workers have done considerable researches about the definition of the haze,the temporal and spatial variation of haze weather, the physico-chemical properties of haze and its environmental hazards.Based on these literatures,this paper made a preliminary summary of haze.Generally,the haze weather is a atmospheric turbidity phenomena from the atmospheric boundary layer to the lower layer of the troposphere.It stands in contrast to some phe-nomenon as the fog,the dust storms, the photochemical smoke and so on. At this stage, the smog becomes increasingly femi-nized.What's more, its area of effect has been increasing. Haze is mainly composed of the smaller size particles, which is al-ways below 1 μm. The chemical composition of haze consists of Ion, organic compounds and metal elements. The haze has a obvious effect on extinction light and it can reduced the visibility dramatically by the absorption, scattering and reflection via the solar.
出处
《环境科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第S2期295-304,共10页
Environmental Science & Technology
基金
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20130998)
江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(12KJB170010)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDB05020206)
江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX-0857)
关键词
灰霾
时空分布
理化性质
危害及防治
haze
temporal-spatial distribution
physico-chemical properties
harm and prevention
