摘要
2000～2001年冬春采用田间自然鉴定等方法,测定了里扎马特、京优、红地球葡萄品种在北京地区露地越冬的安全性及其影响因素。在2001年1月15日北京地区出现27年来的最低温,田间观测值达-21.3℃的情况下,至2001年1月18日,3个品种仍分别有81%、70%和42%的芽眼存活。但至3月6日,3个品种的大部分芽眼都已死亡,存活率分别下降至18%、35%和6%。3个品种的枝条含水量的大幅下降则主要发生在2001年3月份以后。2001年春,京优的萌芽率只有0.5%,而里扎马特和红地球的萌芽率都为0。通过地面覆盖、枝干缠塑料薄膜等栽培措施,可以减少根系冻害,提高枝条含水量,但芽眼的越冬存活率并没有提高。试验表明,虽然全球变暖的趋势仍在继续,但在近年来极端的灾害性天气发生频繁的情况下,冬季低温仍是制约葡萄露地越冬成活的主要因素,选育抗寒品种和应用抗寒栽培技术依然是北京地区葡萄露地越冬研究的主要任务。
During the winter of2000～2001,the vines of three grape cultivars,Rizamat(V.vinifera),Jingyou(V.labrusca×V.vinifera)and Red Globe(V.vinifera),were unprotected and their winter hardinesses were tested.The lowest temperature in the winter appeared on15th January,2001,was-21.3℃,the lowest temperature in Beijing area since1974.After the serious frost,until18th January,2001,the three cultivars still had81%,70%and42%bud eyes respectively keeping alive.But on6th March,most bud eyes of the three cultivars had died,the survival rates decreased to18%,35%and6%respectively.The content of water in canes dropped rapidly after March.In the spring of2001,the sprouting rate of Jingyou was only0.5%,Rizamat and Red Globe0.By cultural measures such as ground-covering and wrapping canes with plastic film,the frost damage of root was lessened and the content of water in canes was raised,but the survival rates of buds were not affected.The test proved that although the trend of globe-warming continued,but because of the high frequency of extreme weather disas-ter happened in recent years,the low temperature in winter was still the main factor which limited unprotected viticulture.To select cold resistant varieties and to apply cold resistant culture techniques are as before the main subjects of the research of unprotected viticulture in Beijing area.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第6期389-394,共6页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家留学基金资助项目(98911013)。
