摘要
蛋白酶酶解底物位点的专一性,对酶解产物的组成与比例都有较大影响,直接影响最终产物的价值。酶法水解蛋白质存在水解效率低、特异性成分产率低以及后期纯化成本高等问题,使得特异性的酶解方式难以实现大规模工业化应用。解决这一问题则亟需探究蛋白酶特异性水解机理,得到酶解产物的分子机制。基于此,文章围绕蛋白酶的水解特异性,综述了目前与特异性相关的底物基团性质、结合部位氨基酸性质与空间位置,以及酶分子表面电荷等方面的相关机制,以期为今后蛋白酶的特异性酶解体系研究与应用提供参考。
The specificity of enzyme hydrolysis site of proteases has a great influence on the composition and ratio, as well as the value of the products. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins has the disadvantages of limited efficiency, low yield of functional specific components and high purification cost, which limit the large-scale industrial application. In order to solve the problems, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of how proteases can specifically hydrolyze substrates. This review was therefore conducted to discuss the mechanisms from several aspects, including the properties of substrate groups, the characteristics and spatial position of amino acids at binding sites, as well as the surface charge of enzyme molecules etc. It was found that the basic catalytic mechanism of proteases could not explain the differences in substrate specificity. At present, several researches on the mechanisms of protease specificity provided guiding significance, but a comprehensive and unified mechanism has not yet been formed, which needs further research and improvement.
作者
熊科
邓蕾
柳佳芸
裴鹏钢
XIONG Ke;DENG Lei;LIU Jiayun;PEI Penggang(Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & BusinessUniversity, Beijing 100048, China;Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & BusinessUniversity, Beijing 100048, China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry,Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China)
出处
《食品与发酵工业》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第19期292-298,共7页
Food and Fermentation Industries
基金
国家研发计划项目(2017YFC1600605)
北京自然科学基金资助项目(6172003)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31601408)
关键词
蛋白酶
酶解机制
特异性
基团性质
结合部位
表面电荷
protease
enzymatic hydrolysis mechanism
specificity
group properties
binding site
surface charge
