摘要
"犯罪所得投资收益"是行为人将经由犯罪取得的赃款赃物通过置业、理财或者创业等投资手段获取的经济利益,在本质上是一种资产增值。理论上,"犯罪所得投资收益"是否属于我国《刑法》第64条规定的"违法所得的一切财物"存在"违法所得说"与"合法财产说"的学说争议,二者虽各有道理,但却均属"片面的深刻"。事实上,"犯罪所得投资收益"是"非法与合法"耦合的结果,对其法律评价存在复杂的影响因素,需要全面分析并综合把控。司法机关在"犯罪所得投资收益"追缴的问题上,应综合考量以下三个因素:其一,"投资收益"的获取途径,对于纯粹资本主导的"资本投机"收益与"资本+生产要素"共同主导的"组合投资"收益应予以实质区分;其二,行为人先前获利的犯罪行为是否可以评价为"法益可恢复性犯罪",犯罪行为所侵害的法益及其属性的判断以及行为方式是否违背社会公众普遍认同的伦理禁忌;其三,坚持利益衡量原则,综合考量"犯罪所得投资收益"追缴与民营企业稳定发展的关系,坚持惩罚犯罪与人权(产权)保障以及经济社会稳定发展的有机平衡。
‘The investment proceeds income from crime’ is the economic benefit obtained by the actors through property purchase, financial management or venture capital, which is essentially a kind of asset appreciation. In theory, whether ‘investment proceeds from crime’ belongs to ‘all property obtained illegally’ in article 64 of the Criminal Law, there is a controversy between ‘theory of illegal proceeds’ and ‘theory of legitimate property’. Although they have their own reasons, they are both ‘one-sided and profound’. Because ‘investment proceeds from crime’ is the result of the coupling of ‘illegality and legality’, there are complex factors affecting its legal evaluation which require comprehensive analysis and control. On the issue of recovery of investment proceeds from crime, judicial organs should consider the following three factors comprehensively: first, the way to obtain investment proceeds should be distinguished between pure capital-dominated ‘capital speculation’ and ‘capital + factors of production’ co-dominated ‘portfolio investment’; second, whether the actor’s previous criminal act obtaining interests is a ‘crime of recoverable legal interests’. Whether legal interests, attributes judgment and behavioral patterns violate the ethical taboos generally accepted by the public; third, adhere to the principle of measuring interests, comprehensively consider the relationship between the recovery of ‘investment proceeds from crime’ and the stable development of private enterprises, and insist on the organic balance between punishment of crime and the protection of human rights(property rights) and the stable development of economy and society.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期158-177,共20页
China Legal Science
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“中国刑罚制度与实践的社会学分析”(项目批准号:18BFX109)的阶段性成果
