摘要
清代,位于热河和东北的围场是帝王演武行猎之所,同时也是优质松木的产区,随着康熙中期以来各种建筑工程的兴起,清政府的木材需求量激增,开发距离京城较近的围场内的木材资源自然成为不二之选。纵观整个清代,在围场内采伐木材次数之频繁、数量之巨大为全国其他木材产区所不能比拟,可以说是围场内源源不断的木材供应支撑了清代以三山五园为代表的各项建筑工程的顺利进行。由于清代的围场属于封禁区域,围场内各种资源被视为皇室之私产,因此围场内木材资源的开发与管理以皇室管家内务府为主导,其管理者以满族大臣为主,具有明显的民族特色和时代特征。
In Qing dynasty, the hunting grounds in Re He Province and Northeast China were used to showing off military force and hunting by emperors, meanwhile they were also regions producing pine woods of high quality. The demand of woods were growing quickly along with numerous construction projects arising in the middle of KangXi’s reign, and the woods resources in hunting grounds near the capital became the best choice at that time. The hunting grounds produced more woods than any other woods producing area throughout Qing dynasty. It is believed that it was the continuous supply of woods coming from hunting grounds that supported different kinds of construction projects like Three Hills and Five Gardens. Since the hunting grounds in Qing dynasty were restricted areas, all kinds of resources in hunting grounds are believed to be the property of royal household. The development and management of wood resources in hunting areas are directed by Manchu officials of Imperial Household Department, therefore it was full of ethnic and era characteristics.
作者
王铁男
WANG Tie-nan(School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Soochow University,Soochow,215123)
出处
《科学．经济．社会》
2019年第3期93-102,共10页
Science Economy Society
关键词
清代
围场
松木
采伐运输
开发管理
Qing dynasty
Hunting grounds
Pine woods
Timber harvesting and transportation
Development and Management
