摘要
考古遗址中出土的木材遗存是进行树木年轮学研究的重要材料,考古树轮年表对于文化遗存的定年、碳十四年代校正、历史气候与环境考古、森林开发与木材利用史的研究具有重要价值。然而在中国,考古树轮年表的建立尚不充分。本研究以青海省西宁市陶家寨墓群M72的出土棺木作为研究对象,利用树木年轮学与木材解剖学方法建立了河湟地区跨度为572年的祁连圆柏(Juniperus przewalskii Kom.)树轮浮动年表,根据树轮浮动年表与青海地区祁连圆柏参考年表的对比和碳十四测年结果,将年表的绝对年代确定为932~1503 A.D.。结合棺内出土的“顺治通宝”铜钱,推测M72墓葬年代应为清初顺治、康熙年间,即1644~1722 A.D.。研究中的木棺所用树木极有可能来自就地取材或从大通河上游至祁连山东部的森林运输而来。该年表是河湟地区第一个考古树轮年表,可为河湟地区及丝绸之路沿线的考古文化提供年代学标尺,也可为进一步认识河湟地区的气候变化与森林生态提供历史代用资料。
Wooden remains unearthed from archaeological sites serve as critical materials for dendrochronological research.Archaeological tree-ring chronologies hold significant value for the dating of cultural remains,calibration of radiocarbon dates,studies on historical climate and environmental archaeology,as well as research on forest exploitation and timber utilization history.However,the establishment of archaeological tree-ring chronologies in China is still insufficient.This study focuses on the excavated coffin from Tomb M72 in the Taojiazhai tombs in Xining,Qinghai Province(36.69°N,101.74°E;2326 m a.s.l.),from which 20 wooden planks were collected in various directions.Measurements were taken along two radial directions on the cross section of each plank,yielding 40 samples for study.Utilizing wood anatomical methods,the wood from this coffin was identified as belonging to the genus Juniperus within the Cupressaceae family,specifically Juniperus przewalskii Kom.A floating tree-ring chronology spanning 572 years was constructed using dendrochronological methods.Running correlation analysis between the Taojiazhai tree-ring floating chronology and the 4649-year long tree-ring chronology of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau as well as four Qilian juniper reference chronologies from the Qinghai region,indicated that the floating chronology should be adjusted backward by 435 calendar years.Combining radiocarbon dating and the comparison of narrow ring years,the floating tree-ring chronology was finally determined to be an absolute tree-ring chronology from 932 A.D.to 1503 A.D.Combined with the discovery of"Shunzhi Tongbao"copper coins within the coffin,the burial period of Tomb M72 is conjectured to be during the early Qing Dynasty,specifically the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods(1644~1722 A.D.).The trees used for the coffin likely originated from local sources or were transported from the upper reaches of the Datong River to the eastern Qilian Mountains.This chronology represents the first archaeological tree-ring chronol
作者
程雪寒
王树芝
张启
肖永明
任晓燕
CHENG Xuehan;WANG Shuzhi;ZHANG Qi;XIAO Yongming;REN Xiaoyan(Lushan Botanical Garden,Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lushan 332900,Jiangxi;Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710;Faculty of Life Science,Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan 063000,Hebei;Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Qinghai Province,Xining 810007,Qinghai)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期939-948,共10页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划“文化科技与现代服务业”重点专项“中国北方旱作农业起源、形成与发展研究(一期)”(批准号:2022YFF0903500)
中国社会科学院创新项目(批准号:2021KGYJ020)
中国社会科学院项目“科技考古实验室”(批准号:2024SYZH002)共同资助。
关键词
考古树轮年表
陶家寨墓群
棺木
河湟地区
树轮考古学
碳十四测年
archaeological tree-ring chronology
Taojiazhai tombs
coffin woods
Hehuang area
dendroarchaeology
^(14)C dating
