摘要
结果无价值、行为无价值、主观主义等既有理论难以解释预备犯处罚根据的正当性,预备犯处罚正当性的探究应当是刑事政策功能发挥视野下的刑法需罚性考量,在努力维护刑事法理正当性的同时,有效追求刑事政策功能的发挥,应该是预备犯存在的价值目标。预备犯中的主、客观要素的构造存在一种互动结构,使得双方的不法要求可以互为利用,若符合最低限度不法要求,就可能成为可罚的预备犯。实质预备犯的立法构造,应体现调控范围的应罚性,在法益、定量要素谦抑性的构造下恰当的设立,该构造应是针对可能造成法益侵犯重大危险的犯罪,客观上应当与实行行为具有紧密的联系,主观上行为人决意实施犯罪行为。我国预备犯的立法模式应当以实质预备犯为主,以分则的形式预备犯为辅。
The existing theories are difficult to explain the legitimacy of the punishment foundation of preparatory criminals,and the inquiry of its legitimacy should be considered under the perspective of criminal policy function.While we maintain the legitimacy of criminal law,it is also necessary for us to pursue effectively the function of criminal policy and the value goal of the preparatory crime’s existence.There is an interactive structure in the structure of the main and objective elements of the preparatory crime,which makes the illegal requirements of both sides be used by each other,and if they meet the minimum illegal requirements,they may become punishable preparatory criminals,and the legislative structure of the substantive preparatory criminals should reflect the penalty in the certain scope of control,which should be made appropriately in the structure with the modest and restrained principle of legal and quantitative elements.The structure should be aimed at the crime that may cause the violation of the law to the great danger,objectively should be closely related to the act of practice,subjectively the perpetrator is determined to commit the crime.The legislative model of preparatory crime in China should focus on the substantive preparatory crime,supplemented by the preparatory crime in the form.
作者
周为
张凯
ZHOU Wei;ZHANG Kai(School of Law,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin 130012)
关键词
预备犯
处罚根据
刑事政策
立法构造
preparatory criminals
punishment foundation
criminal policy
legislative structure
