摘要
李约瑟曾提出过一个疑问:为什么工业革命没有在近代的中国发生?多年来,不少中国学者都曾经试图回答这个问题。一方面,在对工业革命的认识上我们普遍受到“欧洲中心主义”的影响,另一方面,基于西方工业革命带来的全球意义,也使我们忽略了某地区某行业的发展意义。这里,我们在前人研究基础上,以景德镇为研究个案,从社会结构的视角指出其发达的陶瓷工业体系意味着中国有过“工业革命”。自宋朝(1044年)到清朝中后期(1840年),景德镇经历了从家庭式的生产形式到制瓷作坊再到大规模制瓷工场的发展过程。不同于西方工业革命是由资本主义企业自发推动产生的,中国“工业革命”的产生由政府主导的伞式社会力量和民间参与的蜂窝式社会力量共同推动。这一变革不但催生了“工业革命”,而且形成了与工业革命相配套的社会结构,是千年瓷都制瓷工业长盛不衰的重要原因。
Joseph Needham once asked,"Why the industrial revolution did not take place in modern China?"Over the years,many Chinese scholars have tried to answer this question.On the one hand,we are generally influenced by"Eurocentrism"in our understanding of the industrial revolution.On the other hand,based on the global significance brought by the western industrial revolution,we neglect the development significance of a certain industry in a certain region.On the basis of previous studies and taking Jingdezhen as a case study,it is pointed out in this paper that China had an"industrial revolution"due to its highly-developed ceramic industry system from the perspective of social structure.From the Song Dynasty(1044)to the middle and late Qing Dynasty(1840),Jingdezhen experienced the development process from family-style production to porcelain workhouse and further to large-scale porcelain workshop.Unlike the western industrial revolution,which was spontaneously promoted by capitalist enterprises,the emergence of China’s"industrial revolution"was driven by the umbrella-shaped social forces led by the government and the honeycomb-shaped social forces participated by the people,which not only gave birth to the"industrial revolution",but also formed a social structure matching with the industrial revolution.This is an important reason why the ceramic industry of the Millennium Capital of Porcelain has been growing steadily.
作者
张继焦
党垒
ZHANG Ji-jiao;DANG Lei(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Graduate School,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2019年第5期112-119,共8页
Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所创新工程项目“人类学视野下的传统-现代转型”(2019MZSCX002)的研究成果
关键词
李约瑟之问
工业革命
景德镇
陶瓷工业体系
伞式社会
蜂窝式社会
Joseph Needham’s Puzzle
the industrial revolution
Jingdezhen
ceramic industry system
umbrella-shaped society
honeycomb-shaped society
