摘要
英国志愿医院主要为贫困患者提供免费医疗服务,是慈善资本引入非营利性医院的典范。慈善资本主要来自个人认捐、社会捐赠和基金会筹募。志愿医院依托慈善资本的积累迅速发展为英国公共医院的核心。但慈善资本的局限性又影响到医疗服务供给的公平性与稳定性,阻碍了医院现代化与医疗专业化的发展。19世纪中后期,志愿医院出现了财政危机。民间医疗捐助计划、个人付费和地方财政等筹资渠道的出现打破了慈善资本的主导地位,同时削弱了志愿医院的慈善属性,使其运营传统备受冲击。1948年,英国工党政府对志愿医院进行了国有化改革,并确立了以政府税收为主的医疗卫生服务筹资机制。
British voluntary hospital provided free medical services for the poor patients, and was a model which introduced the charity capital into non-profit hospitals. The charitable capital was made up of subscriptions, donations and foundations. The voluntary hospital played an important role in the British public medical services. However, the limitations of charitable capital affected the fairness and stability of medical services, and hindered hospital modernization and medical specialization. In the middle and late 19th century, the voluntary hospital experienced a financial crisis. The emergence of hospital contributory schemes, private payments and local government financial support breaks the dominant position of charitable capital, and reduces the charitable nature of voluntary hospitals, and also impacts hospitals’ operating traditions. In 1948, the Labour Government implemented the reform of the nationalization of the British hospital, and established the basic principle of government investment in public medical service.
作者
白爽
BAI Shuang(School of Social Development,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期36-44,共9页
Collected Papers of History Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“英国医院国有化改革研究”(14ASS005)
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目“英国医生职业发展研究(1800-1948)”(2018SJA0223)
关键词
志愿医院
慈善资本
慈善医疗
政府投入
voluntary hospital
charitable capital
medical charity
government health investment
