摘要
感觉记忆能够以特征形式构建对视觉对象表面信息的表征,然而对于具有重要意义的潜在抽象信息,尚未有研究考察其是否影响感觉记忆的视觉表征。结合掩蔽技术与部分报告法范式考察了感觉记忆的视觉表征中是否包含语义信息。以阿拉伯数字作为目标,实验1与实验2分别采用正立与倒置的汉字大写数字作为掩蔽刺激,比较其与白噪音刺激的掩蔽效应。结果显示,汉字大写数字的掩蔽效应均强于白噪音刺激,且正立汉字大写数字的掩蔽效果较倒置汉字大写数字更强。实验3采用汉字大写数字与汉字常用字分别作为掩蔽刺激,结果显示汉字大写数字的掩蔽效果强于汉字常用字。上述结果显示,刺激间的语义相似性带来了视觉表征冲突,表明感觉记忆的视觉表征中包含了刺激的语义信息。
Visual representation is one of the most important topics in sensory memory.Traditionally,visual representation with respect to sensory memory was regarded as an'icon',the processing of which would cease after a subsequent stimulus(backward masking).Recently,an increasing number of researches have suggested a more flexible representation of visual sensory memory in which the features of the visual stimulus could be expressed in an abstract form.As previous researchers paid considerable attention to only the schematic features of a visual stimulus,the abstract information contained in a stimulus has rarely been explored.In this study,we have focused on the semantic information of the visual representation of the sensory memory.In a part-report task,the Arabic digits were employed as the target,and the Chinese digits as the semantic-similar mask,which were semantically related to Arabic digits;the noise patterns were employed as the non-semantic mask.If under the Chinese mask condition,the participants'performance of reporting target digits decreased,it would reveal a conflict between the representations of the target and the mask,thereby suggesting that the visual representation of the sensory memory contains semantic information of the stimulus.In Experiment 1,the target stimuli were arrays of 3×4 Arabic digits generated by selecting at random from a set containing digits zero to nine.A mask stimuli could either be(a)a single binary visual noise with an element size equal to the stroke width of the target digits,or(b)a 3×4 array of random standard Chinese-digits in capital form whose spatial arrangement is identical to that of the target and its size is big enough to overlap the corresponding target digits.Both the targets and masks were presented within 23.5 ms(2 frames in 85 Hz)and the inter-stimulus interval(ISI)between the offset of the target and the onset of the mask was 105.9 ms(9 frames in 85 Hz).There were three conditions for reporting:part-report with 0 ms cue-delay,part-report with 447 ms cue-delay,
作者
胡晶晶
徐昊骙
曹立人
HU Jingjing;XU Haokui;CAO Liren(Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第9期982-991,共10页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
关键词
感觉记忆
视觉表征
语义信息
视觉掩蔽
sensory memory
visual representation
semantic information
masking
