摘要
文章通过对美国8所研究型大学跨学科专业教育实践的研究,发现其呈现出以下特征。在设置背景上,跨学科专业主要源于交叉学科或领域的兴起、学生对跨学科学习的兴趣、现实问题的复杂与挑战性以及社会对跨学科人才的需求。在培养目标上,跨学科专业强调培养学生多学科或多领域的知识结构、跨学科分析问题的视角与方法以及应对跨学科问题或领域的实际能力。在课程特性上,跨学科专业的课程由通识、专业和自由选修课程构成,传统课程与跨学科实践训练并重,学生拥有从多个学科组织课程的任务与权利,同时必须确定专业重点或聚焦领域。在运行机制上,专业管理体制提供了跨学科专业设置的自主权,教师流动与互聘提供了专业运行所需的多学科师资,课程资源高度共享提供了专业所需的多学科课程。借鉴以上经验,我国大学尤其是研究型大学在跨学科专业发展上应该适应多方面现实需求,重视跨学科专业的设置与发展;结合科技、社会形势与大学类型,制定多维度的培养目标;立足高等教育与跨学科专业特性,合理设计课程体系;基于制约因素,建立健全跨学科专业的运行机制。
Through studying interdisciplinary majors of eight research universities in America,we find that their establishment stems from interdisciplinary disciplines′ rise,students′ interests for interdisciplinary learning,complexity and challenge of practical problems,and society′s needs for interdisciplinary talents.In terms of training objectives,they emphasize students′ interdisciplinary knowledge structure,analytical perspectives and practical ability.In terms of curriculum characteristics,they are composed of general,major and free elective courses;traditional courses and interdisciplinary practical training are both emphasized;students have the task and right to organize courses from multiple disciplines,and determine the major focus or concentration.In terms of operation mechanism,major management system provides major setting autonomy,faculty turnover and mutual employment provide multidisciplinary faculty,and highly shared course resources provide multidisciplinary courses.Therefore,Chinese universities,especially research universities should adapt to reality needs and emphasize the establishment and improvement of interdisciplinary majors;set training goals from multiple dimensions according to science,technology,society and the university type;design curriculum system reasonably based on characteristics of higher education and interdisciplinary majors;and establish and improve operation mechanism of interdisciplinary majors based on restriction factors.
作者
张晓报
ZHANG Xiaobao(School of Education,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)
出处
《高校教育管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期92-103,共12页
Journal of Higher Education Management
基金
湖南省教育科学“十二五”规划2015年度青年资助课题(XJK015QGD006)
关键词
美国
研究型大学
跨学科专业
培养目标
课程特性
运行机制
America
research universities
interdisciplinary majors
training objectives
course characteristics
operation mechanism
