摘要
分析了提高机械零件使用寿命的两种有效途径。在提高疲劳强度的方法中,要科学合理选择材料。常用材料主要是钢材(如锻钢和铸钢)。有些形状复杂的零件采用球墨铸铁。采用科学的热处理方法,提高机械零件的强度、塑性和纯度。改进机械、零件结构,尽量减小应力集中,加大过渡圆角,防止应力突然发生变化。改进制造加工工艺,提高零件表面的光洁程度。对零件表面采用冷作硬化等强化工艺,按要求加工焊接件坡口,防止未焊透等情况发生。合理操作,定期检修,更换不宜继续工作的零件,更换失效和有夹杂物的润滑油,及时、准确地掌握机械零件的损伤程度。在提高机械零件耐磨性的方法中,要合理选择材料和热处理方法,选择表面硬度较高的材料,如含碳量较高的碳钢。铸铁零件也可以采用表面淬火的方法,提高其耐磨性。降低表面压强,设计滑动表面时,必须控制其压强,以保证机械零件的使用寿命。合理设计导轨形状,将导轨设计成上凸形状,而不宜做成下凹形状。局部更换易磨损件,有些零件磨损较快,但是只有表面被磨损,应该仅局部更换,这样可以达到节约目的。
Two effective ways to improve the service life of mechanical parts are analyzed.In order to improve fatigue strength,materials should be selected scientifically and reasonably.Commonly used materials are steel (such as forged steel and cast steel).Ductile iron is used for some complex parts.The strength,plasticity and purity of mechanical parts are improved by scientific heat treatment method.Improve the structure of machinery and parts,minimize stress concentration,increase transition roundness,and prevent sudden changes in stress.Improve the manufacturing process,improve the cleanliness of the surface of the parts,adopt cold work hardening and other strengthening processes on the surface of the parts,process the grooves of the welded parts according to the requirements,and prevent the occurrence of non-penetration.Reasonable operation,regular maintenance,replacement of parts unsuitable for further work,replacement of failed and inclusion lubricants,timely and accurate grasp of the degree of damage to mechanical parts.In order to improve the wear resistance of mechanical parts,it is necessary to choose reasonable materials and heat treatment methods,select materials with higher surface hardness,such as carbon steel with higher carbon content,and use surface quenching method to improve the wear resistance of cast iron parts.In order to reduce the surface pressure and design the sliding surface,the pressure must be controlled to ensure the service life of the mechanical parts.Reasonable design of the shape of the guide rail,the guide rail is designed to convex shape,not concave shape.Local replacement of wearable parts,some parts wear faster,but only the surface is worn,should only be replaced locally,so as to achieve the purpose of saving.
作者
段海滨
DUAN Hai-bin(Lida Ganshi Thermal Power Plant,Hegang Mining Co.,Ltd.,Longmei Group,Qitaihe 154600,China)
出处
《黑龙江科学》
2019年第16期68-69,共2页
Heilongjiang Science
关键词
机械零件
疲劳强度
耐磨力
方法研究
Mechanical parts
Fatigue strength
Wear resistance
Method research
