摘要
二战后,尤其是日本成为经济大国后,其国家安全政策成为国际关系学界的经典研究命题之一,也是相关论争的重要案例和现实焦点。典型现象就是建构主义和(新)现实主义之间展开的解释“日本之谜”的“20年论争”。“日本之谜”是冷战后由建构主义者针对“沃尔兹预言”即日本强大后理应成为典型军事大国的论断而提出并加以驳论的议题,现实主义者当初处于守势。但时移事异,趋势变为建构主义的势力范围愈显逼仄,其解释力在21世纪的新事态面前渐失优势,而现实主义则逐步扩大了对日本安全政策的话语权重,对建构主义展开了“否定之否定”的理论竞争。与此相关,由于现实主义理论的逻辑较有力地解释日本最重要的安全政策及实践场域,自由制度主义似只能解释日本的“非核心”与“外围”政策,这种理论研究范式与路径的演化,使人联想肯尼斯·沃尔兹的“论断”是否在长线上终将预言日本的战略走向?当然,国际关系理论的高度简约性决定了一种理论往往只解释国际关系的某一方面,“后三大理论”时代亟须对日本安全政策进行更多元复合、折中主义的理论探析。这对中国学界从理论上探究、完善对日本安全政策的解释并以此指导战略预测提出了新使命。
After world war II,especially after becoming an economic power,Japan's national security policy is one of the classic research topics in the field of international relations,as well as an important case and realistic focus of relevant disputes.The typical phenomenon is the"20-year debaten between constructivism and(new)realism to explain the u Japanese mysteryn.The u Japanese mysteryn was put forward by constructionists after the cold war against the"woltz prophecyn,the realists were on the defensive.However,as time changes,the scope of influence of constructivism becomes more and more narrow,and its explanatory power loses its dominant position in the face of new developments in the 21st century,while Realism has gradually expanded the power of discourse on Japanese security policy and launched a theoretical competition of u negation of negationn against constructivism.Related to this,since the logic of realism theory dominates the interpretation of the most important security policy and practice field in Japan,Liberal institutionalism can only explain Japan's"non-core”and uperipheraln policies.This evolution of theoretical research paradigms and paths makes one wonder whether Kenneth waltz's u judgmentn ultimately predicted Japan's strategic direction in the long run.Of course,the high simplicity of IR theory means that a theory tends to explain only one aspect of international relations,In the era of"post-three theories”,it is urgent to analyze the theory of Japanese security policy in a more pluralistic,micro-medium and eclectic level.This puts forward a new mission for Chinese scholars to theoretically explore and improve the interpretation of Japan's security policy and to guide the strategic forecast at the macro level.
出处
《日本学刊》
CSSCI
2019年第4期66-90,共25页
Japanese Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“日本‘军事崛起’与我国对策研究”(编号:17AGJ009)
