摘要
伴随政治极化一同出现的美国政治“种族化”现象在特朗普时代越来越严重。政治精英和选民根据种族议题划线,选择政党联盟,致使两党在种族意识形态上的差距增大,中间派消失。种族保守派与蓝领白人大量涌入共和党,构成共和党胜选联盟的关键选民。民权运动后,经济问题的种族化同白人身份政治相结合,加上两党“狗哨”政治的推动,使种族主义成为现代选举政治的核心驱动力之一。奥巴马时代“种族化”的溢出效应延续至今,是政治种族化加剧的重要现实原因。2020年大选临近,两党和民众在种族问题上预计将进一步两极化,这一趋势很难逆转,并将深刻影响美国政治的运作与走向。
The “racialization” of American politics that has accompanied political polarization is getting worse in the Trump era. Political elites and the electorate have been aligning themselves with either political party along the fault lines of racial issues,which has widened the ideological gap between the parties and decimated moderates. Racial conservatives and blue-collar whites overwhelmingly turn to the Republican Party and often become the critical voters in the winning coalition of the party. Since the Civil Rights movement,the racialization of economic issues,coupled with white identity politics and fueled especially by the “dog whistle” politics of the Republican and Democratic Parties,has turned racism into a key driving force of modern electoral politics. The spillover effect of the “racialization” of President Obama that continues to this day is also a significant factor in the deepening political racialization. With the 2020 U.S. general election around the corner,both parties and the larger electorate are expected to polarize further on race. It is a trend that will not be easily reversed and that will profoundly impact the operation and direction of American politics.
出处
《美国研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期36-53,M0004,共19页
The Chinese Journal of American Studies
