摘要
以高效玉米根际溶磷菌Bucillus aryabhattai XF1和Bucillus megaterium XS2为功能菌种,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化溶磷微生物菌剂(XSF)的发酵工艺条件;采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测了菌剂中的功能菌株在根际土壤中的定殖,并进行田间试验验证其对玉米的促生作用。结果表明:采用单因素试验和正交试验,溶磷微生物菌剂的最佳固体发酵基质为玉米粉10%,豆粕5%,秸秆粉85%;最佳固体发酵工艺为培养温度30℃,初始含水量55%,初始发酵pH 7;最佳接种量为107cfu/g。最佳发酵工艺条件下培养4 d活菌数最多,达2. 56×1010cfu/g。XSF菌剂的功能菌株能在根际土壤中定殖,并对玉米根系发育有明显的促生作用;在正常施肥基础上,减施35%的化学磷肥,以溶磷微生物菌剂替代部分化学磷肥,通过拌种施用能够显著提高玉米的株高和茎粗等生物学性状,产量与常规施肥处理相比水平相当。开发和应用以溶磷菌为功能菌种的生物缓释磷肥,是部分替代化学磷肥的较为理想的选择,生物缓释磷肥是"环境友好型"微生物肥料。
As functional strains,high efficient phosphate solubilizing bacteria,isolated from maize rhizosphere,XF1 and XS2,were used to prepare microbial inoculants,and their fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test. Colonization of functional strains in rhizosphere soil was detected by real time PCR and their growth promoting effect on maize were verified by field trial. The results show that the mixture of 10% corn flour,5% soybean meal and 85% corn straw power is the optimum solid fermentation substrate,the optimum solid fermentation culture conditions are the culture temperature 30 ℃,the initial moisture content 55% and the initial fermentation pH 7.The optimum inoculation amount is 107 cfu/g,and the maximum number of living bacteria reached 2. 56×1010 cfu/g when the phosphate solubilizing microbial inoculants were cultured for 4 d under the optimum fermentation conditions. The functional strains can be colonized in the rhizosphere soil and have obvious growth promoting effect on the development of maize root system. On the basis of normal fertilization,35% chemical phosphate fertilizer was reduced,and some chemical phosphate fertilizer was replaced with phosphate solubilizing microbial inoculants,the application of seed dressing can significantly improve maize plant height,stem diameter and other biology characters,and the crop yield is equivalent to that of conventional fertilization. The development and application of biological sustained-release phosphate fertilizer with phosphate solubilizing bacteria as functional strains is an ideal environment-friendly microbial fertilizer partially to replace chemical phosphate fertilizer.
作者
王呈玉
温芳悦
萧龙珍
崔俊涛
赵成爱
刘淑霞
WANG Chengyu;WEN Fangyue;XIAO Longzhen;CUI Juntao;ZHAO Cheng’ai;LIU Shuxia(College of Resources and Environment, Changchun 130118, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China)
出处
《吉林农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期408-413,共6页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University
基金
吉林省大学生科技创新基金项目(2018)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20140204043NY)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20170101004JC)
国家自然基金项目(31301850)
关键词
农业面源污染
溶磷菌
微生物菌剂
发酵工艺
促生效果
agricultural non-point source pollution
phosphate solubilizing bacteria
microbial inoculant
fermentation process
growth promoting effect
