摘要
畜牧业是发展中国家综合农业体系的重要组成部分,其在生产动物蛋白、农家肥,保证动物源性食品的多样性方面发挥着重要作用。可以说,动物生产对全球人民的福祉和生活作出重要贡献,其生产系统可以根据地区、资源可利用性、基础设施可及性、粮食需求和市场潜力的差异性具体划分为自给自足、规模化、标准化、集约化的农业模式。在保障经济效益和生产性能的同时,畜牧业与其他行业一样,面临着全球变暖的现实问题。甲烷是主要的温室气体之一,至少占温室气体总量的14%,其潜在的全球变暖效应是二氧化碳的25倍,其中农业产生的甲烷排放量占总排放量的50%~60%,反刍动物生产的甲烷排放量占总排放量的15%~33%。由此可见,对动物生产日益增长的需求迫使研究人员探索如何减少饲养环节中的温室气体排放量。除了优化饲料配方和饲喂管理技术外,本文主要以反刍动物为例,积极探索利用当地饲料资源作为替代原料来调控瘤胃生态,以取得较好的替代效果和环保效益。
Animal husbandry is an important part of the comprehensive agricultural system in developing countries.It plays an important role in the production of animal protein,farm manure and ensuring the diversity of animal-derived food.It can be said that animal production has made an important contribution to the well-being and life of people all over the world.Its production system can be divided into self-sufficient,large-scale,standardized and intensive agricultural modes according to the differences of region,resource availability,infrastructure accessibility,food demand and market potential.While guaranteeing economic benefits and production performance,animal husbandry,like other industries,is facing the reality of global warming.Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases,accounting for at least 14%of the total greenhouse gases.Its potential global warming effect is 25 times that of carbon dioxide.Among them,methane emissions from agriculture account for 50%~60%of the total emissions,and methane emissions from ruminant production account for 15%~33%of the total emissions.Thus,the growing demand for animal production has forced researchers to explore ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the feeding sector.In addition to optimizing feed formulation and feeding management technology,this paper mainly takes ruminants as an example to actively explore the use of local feed resources as alternative raw materials to regulate rumen ecology,in order to achieve better substitution effect and environmental benefits.
作者
程佳敏
CHENG Jiamin(Huanggang Normal University,Huanggang,Hubei Province 438000,China)
出处
《中国饲料》
北大核心
2019年第14期107-111,共5页
China Feed
关键词
饲料原料
动物生产
环境
可持续发展
feed ingredient
animal production
environment
sustainable development
