摘要
【目的】评价意大利蜜蜂 Apis mellifera ligustica (简称“意蜂”)及中华蜜蜂 Apis cerana cerana (简称“中蜂”)对黄沙白柚 Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr. cv. huangsha Yu的访花行为及授粉效果。【方法】于重庆市垫江县开展2种蜂对黄沙白柚的访花行为及授粉效果试验,比较2种蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的行为及其与环境因素和花朵泌蜜规律的相关性,并评价意蜂与中蜂授粉对黄沙白柚座果率、产量及果实品质的影响。【结果】意蜂与中蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的数量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在13:00-17:00时间段中蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的数量显著高于意蜂( P <0.05),但意蜂的单花访问时间显著高于中蜂( P <0.05);意蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的数量受花朵泌蜜量和光照显著影响( P <0.05),中蜂的访花数量受花蜜糖浓度和光照显著影响( P <0.05)。经意蜂与中蜂授粉的黄沙白柚果实座果率、单果重、果型及果实品质显著高于自花授粉组( P <0.05),且意蜂授粉组的座果率及2种蜂授粉组的总糖含量和糖酸比均显著高于人工授粉组( P <0.05);意蜂授粉组和中蜂授粉组总果重无显著差异( P >0.05),但意蜂授粉组显著高于人工授粉组与自花授粉组( P <0.05);与中蜂授粉相比,意蜂授粉能够显著提高黄沙白柚的果实座果率。【结论】综合比较2种蜂对黄沙白柚的访花行为及授粉效果,黄沙白柚可采用蜜蜂授粉代替人工授粉,且意蜂授粉效果更好。
【Objective】 This paper aimed to evaluate the foraging behavior and pollination effect of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana on Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr. cv. Huangsha Yu.【Method】Foraging behavior and pollination experiments in Dianjiang,Chongqing were conducted to compare the foraging behaviors of A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana and respectively estimate their set-percentage,yield and quality of pomelo.【Result】 The numbers of A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana visiting pomelo flowers initially increased and then showed a decline,and during 13:00-17:00, A. cerana cerana visited pomelo flowers more often than A. mellifera ligustica ( P <0.05);but the visiting time per flower of A. mellifera ligustica was significantly higher than that of A. cerana cerana ( P <0.05);Visiting frequencies of A. mellifera ligustica was affected by illumination and nectar weight notably ( P <0.05),and A. cerana cerana was affected by illumination and nectar sugar content ( P <0.05). Set percentage,yield and quality of pomelo pollinated by A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana were higher than that of self-pollination ( P <0.05). Compared with the artificial pollination, A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana pollination significantly increased the content of sugar and sugar content/titratable acidity of fruit ( P <0.05),and A. mellifera ligustica developed the set percentage and yield ( P <0.05). The set percentage of A. mellifera ligustica pollination group was also higher than A. cerana cerana ( P <0.05).【Conclusion】 Based on the results of foraging behavior and pollination effect tests,we suggested that honeybee pollination was better than artificial pollination for Citrus maxima (Burm) Mer r . cv. Huangsha Yu,and A. mellifera ligustica was more benefit than A. cerana cerana .
作者
罗文华
姬聪慧
刘佳霖
曹兰
王瑞生
程尚
高丽娇
LUO Wen-hua;JI Cong-hui;LIU Jia-lin;CAO Lan;WANG Rui-sheng;CHENG Shang;GAO Li-jiao(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing Rongchang 402460,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期1360-1365,共6页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业(蜜蜂)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-45-SYZ15)
重庆市农发资金项目(16410)
关键词
黄沙白柚
意大利蜜蜂
中华蜜蜂
访花行为
授粉效果
Citrus maxima (Burm) Merr. cv. Huangsha Yu
Apis mellifera ligustica
Apis cerana cerana
Foraging behavior
Pollination effect
