摘要
为了恢复和保护祁连山北麓草地生态系统,建设生态畜牧业,该文以肃南县祁连山北麓牧区为研究对象,基于划区轮牧理论模拟不同降水情景下轮牧区理论载畜量并分析现状牧区草畜平衡状况,分析理论载畜量下轮牧牧区产草需草过程,进行牧区动态草畜平衡分析,并与传统方法和基于关键场理论方法进行对比。结果表明:肃南县祁连山北麓牧区降水量极大地影响着牧区理论载畜量,宜将平水年理论载畜量100.9万标准羊单位作为今后牧区畜牧业管理的主要参考指标;2015年牧区同时存在牲畜超载和欠载并且冷暖草场理论载畜量差异较大,应在后期发展中注重调整当前的畜牧业发展结构和合理配置冷暖草地资源。通过3种方法的草畜平衡动态对比分析,基于划区轮牧理论方法不仅能保证不同轮牧区的草畜动态平衡,且能保持饲草的高效利用,在轮牧区草畜平衡分析计算中具有一定的优越性。
Overgrazing is an important reason for grassland ecological destruction in Qilian Mountains.In order to resumes and protects grassland ecosystem and constructs ecological animal husbandry in the northern slope of Qilian Mountains.In this paper,we selected the northern slope of Qilian Mountains in Sunan County as the study area,simulated the proper stocking capacity for livestock from different precipitation scenarios in grassland and analyzed the present forage-livestock balance status based on rotational grazing theory,researched the process of pasture production and demand with the proper stocking capacity in rotational pasturing area,carried out the dynamic forage-livestock balance analysis,and compared the result with the key pasture theory method and traditional method.The result showed that the change of precipitation greatly influences the proper stocking capacity for livestock of pasturing area in the northern slope of Qilian Mountains in Sunan County,the proper stocking capacity for livestock was 1.303 million sheep unit,1.009 million sheep unit,and 65.1 million sheep unit in high,normal,and low flow years,respectively.In analysis of the proper stocking capacity for livestock calculated by three methods in different precipitation,we found that the result calculated by the traditional grassland-livestock balance method was the largest,and the result calculated by the grassland and livestock balance method based on key pasture theory was the lowest.This is because the traditional grassland-livestock balance method does not consider the relationship between the process of grassland production and demand of livestock in pastoral areas,the traditional grassland-livestock balance method does not consider the dynamic change of livestock number in the process of grassland demand of livestock.Therefore,we proposed that the proper stocking capacity for livestock in the normal flow year was 1.009 million sheep unit as the main reference indexes of animal husbandry management in the future.There were both existence
作者
覃琳
宋孝玉
冯湘华
Qin Lin;Song Xiaoyu;Feng Xianghua(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China (Xi'an University of Technology),Xi'an 710048,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期256-264,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400301)资助
关键词
生态
草畜平衡
划区轮牧理轮
祁连山北麓
动态平衡分析
肃南县
ecology
forage-livestock balance
rotational grazing theory
northern slope of Qilian Mountains
dynamic balance analysis
Sunan County
