摘要
英、汉空间量度语义系统具有非常相似的结构且表达基本相同的概念。两个系统中都包含维度义、位置义和距离义,都包含垂直维度和水平维度概念,垂直维度认知中区分方向性。体积概念和长度概念是英、汉空间量度中的基本概念,两种空间量度系统中都能表达数值记量和非数值记量。英、汉空间量度词在维度义、位置义和距离义间发生转移,所描述的方向和凸显维度数目都发生泛化。以上是基本层面上两种空间量度概念的共性。英语空间量度词的数目多于汉语空间量度词,英语对于整体维度和凸显维度概念化和表征更详细,汉语对凸显维度与非凸显维度、积极意义和消极意义概念都有详细的概念化和表征。从英汉空间量度形容词词典释义和词汇化状况可见,在概念化空间量度时英语使用者整体思维和凸显思维并重,汉语使用者更侧重整体思维。各个维度词汇化详略度的差异体现了组合层面上不同语言语义概念化和表征的差异。
A contrastive study of the spatial dimensional systems in English and Chinese shows that the two systems have very similar structures and express roughly the same concepts. Both systems can describe extensions, positions and distances, which involve vertical and horizontal dimensions, with specifications in directions for the vertical dimension. Size and length are the basic spatial dimensional concepts in English and Chinese and both systems have numbers and degrees for measurement. There is meaning shift between the extensional, positional and distance meanings in each language, and the directions and the number of profiled dimensions are both overgeneralized. These are the commonalities in the two spatial dimensional systems. English spatial dimensional system has more members, being more specific on overall dimensions and profiled dimensions ,and Chinese pays equal attention to both profiled and non-profiled dimensions, and conceptualizations and lexicalizations of both positive and negative concepts. The lexicalizations of spatial dimensional concepts and their definitions in dictionaries show that in conceptualizing spatial dimensions, English speakers emphasize holistic thinking and prominent dimension, while Chinese speakers give priority to holistic thinking. The differences in the lexicalization of different spatial dimensions reflect differences in cross-linguistic conceptualization and representation on the molar level.
作者
刘桂玲
杨忠
Liu Guiling;Yang Zhong
出处
《西安外国语大学学报》
CSSCI
2019年第2期1-4,共4页
Journal of Xi’an International Studies University
基金
教育部人文社科基金规划项目“英汉语空间量度形容词隐喻义的认知对比研究”(项目编号:15YJA740025)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
空间量度
语义系统
英汉对比研究
spatial dimension
semantic system
contrastive study of English and Chinese
