摘要
职业教育发展制约了一国技能形成体系与劳动力市场需求的匹配程度,匹配技能供求已构成对不同发展水平社会的严峻挑战;若供求双方怀疑技能投资能否带来积极回报,教育和培训的社会和私人回报就可能因投资不足而有所损失。针对技能市场失灵,中美俄三国均制定了明确的国家政策来协调企业与教育机构的激励机制,以弥合技能形成与劳动力市场需求之间的鸿沟。本文首先回顾了三国支持技能供求匹配的全国性政策,之后聚焦于国家内部的区域创新,并基于“资本主义多样性”文献与三个国家若干地区的实地调研,以技能合作的深度和广度为基础,发展出对技能形成领域公私合作伙伴关系模式的分类方法,并尝试解释各种合作模式之间的差异。本文强调了职业教育中校企合作的两大重要因素——吸引企业和教育机构参与技能合作的因素和影响校企合作特征的因素,对这些因素的讨论有助于完善我国促进产教融合、校企“双元”育人的有关国家和地方政策。
The task of matching the supply of skill with the demand for it poses significant challenge to societies at all levels of development. Both public and private benefits of investment in education and training can go under-provided if agents doubt whether investment will yield a positive return. In this paper, we compare three countries where public policies have explicitly sought to align incentives of employers and educational institutions around closing the gap between skill formation and labor market demand. In all cases, although national policy is broadly supportive of this effort, this study focuses on local initiatives. The body of scholarship known as the “varieties of capitalism”(VOC) literature helps us classify different types of institutional arrangements in democratic capitalism. However, while VOC theory assumes national-level institutions, consistent across an entire country, in large, heterogeneous countries such as the United States, Russia and China, collaborative arrangements such apprenticeships and other forms of public-private partnerships, can be constructed at the subnational level by building on direct, face-to-face ties across educational, business, government, and civic sectors. Drawing on existing literature as well as fieldwork studying a number of specific cases in the three countries, this paper develops a typology of regional PPP arrangements in terms of breath and depth of such collaboration, and proposes an explanation for the observed variation. It emphasizes the importance of two sets of factors: those that induce cooperation on the part of firms and schools, and those that influence the character of such partnerships.
作者
托马斯·雷明顿
杨钋
Thomas F. Remington;YANG Po Page
出处
《北京大学教育评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期2-25,187,共25页
Peking University Education Review
基金
俄罗斯自然科学基金会“职业教育中的公私合作伙伴关系:中俄两国企业层级研究”(16-18-10425)
国家社科基金一般项目“产业转型背景下技能形成与区域协同创新研究”(17BGL253)
