摘要
预防接种过程中,受种者因异常反应的不可避免性,而为集体免疫安全承担着巨大的潜在风险,但由于其存在的不可归责性,行政补偿显得尤为重要。目前我国预防接种异常反应补偿救济体制还存在着规定模糊且位阶过低、缺乏统一负责机构和界定标准、补偿办法省际差异大、行政救济与司法救济衔接不畅等诸多问题。应在借鉴比较法经验基础上,通过进行专门立法,明确各项规定,提高立法位阶,同时确定统一界定标准,设立专门负责机构,流畅行政与司法救济衔接机制,尝试引入国家赔偿制度,建立全国统一的预防接种异常反应损害补偿救济机制,真正实现对受害者的有效救济。
In the process of vaccination, due to the unavoidable reaction, the recipients are unavoidable to have a huge potential risk for the collective immunization security. However, because of its irrepressibility, administrative compensation is particularly important. At present, there are many problems in the administrative compensation system of adverse reaction in preventive vaccination in China, such as vague and lower hierarchy order, lack of unified institutions and defining standards, large inter-provincial differences in compensation methods, and poor connection between administrative relief and judicial relief. On the basis of the experience of comparative law, we should enact special legislation, clarify the provisions, improve the legislative rank, and set the unified definition standards, set up specialized institutions, smooth administrative and judicial relief convergence mechanism, try to introduce the state compensation system, and establish an unified national compensation system for adverse reaction in preventive vaccination, in order to truly achieve effective relief for victims.
作者
陈嘉琪
CHEN Jiɑqi(School of Law,East China University of Political science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)
出处
《乐山师范学院学报》
2019年第5期78-84,134,共8页
Journal of Leshan Normal University
关键词
预防接种
异常反应
行政补偿
Vaccination
Adverse Reaction
Administrative Compensation
