摘要
李伯谦先生是前些年实施的"中华文明探源'工程'"中的学术主力之一,在"探源'工程'"实施中确有重大理论贡献。从考古学层面,他归纳总结出了中国史前文明起源的"两种模式论"。一种是以辽西红山等史前大遗址为代表的"原始宗教信仰至上模式",其特征是出土了大量精美玉器。此类原始共同体为其原始宗教信仰,投入了极其巨大的人力物力,而其民生产业却较为落后。另一种是以庙底沟文化诸遗址为代表的"世俗权力模式",其特征是宗教氛围不像前者那么浓厚,但其民生产业(主要是定居农业)却相对发达,世俗权力和军事权力较强。从历史进程看,"世俗权力模式"通过宗教改革而注重民生,在敬神的同时,越来越服膺"民以食为天"的信条,利用黄土肥力和环境建设,倾力于民生生产,并注重军事实力整体提升,从而为后来的夏、商、周"三代文明"乃至整个中华文明,奠定了"轻宗教而重民生"的制度和经济基础。"原始宗教信仰至上模式"虽一时显赫,但最终淡出中国文明史。"两种模式论"是按照中国史前文明诞生时的考古发掘实际和对比研究成果而归纳出来的有中国特色的史前文明诞生理论。作为豫籍学者,李先生又似深陷于"'黄帝专属河南'情结"之中,不仅导致其关于黄帝文化的某些基本考古判断游移屡变,对"探源'工程'"形成了某些负面影响,而且也直接引致了近年陕豫两省围绕"'国家公祭'黄帝"地点的争论,包括硬以三门峡庙底沟遗址为代表,把杨址作为庙底沟文化代表者完全排除于黄帝遗址之外,即使在考古学上,也缺乏科学严密性。
Mr.Li Boqian is one of the academic mains in the "Project of Chinese Civilization 'Project" implemented by archaeology in previous years.It has made significant theoretical contributions in the implementation of "Exploring the Source 'Project".From the archaeological level,he summed up the "two model theories" of the origin of Chinese prehistoric civilization.One is the "primary religious belief supremacy model" represented by the prehistoric ruins such as Hongshan Mountain in western Liaoning,which is characterized by the excavation of a large number of exquisite jade articles.Such primitive communities have invested enormous human and material resources in their original religious beliefs,while their civilian production industry is relatively backward.The other is the "secular power model" represented by the Miaodigou cultural sites,which is characterized by the fact that the religious atmosphere is not as strong as the former,but its civilian production industry (mainly settled agriculture) is relatively developed,secular power and military power are more stronger.From the perspective of historical process,the "secular power model" pays attention to people's livelihood through religious reforms.While respecting the gods,it is increasingly obeying the creed of "people are eating for the sky",using loess fertility and water conservancy construction,and contributing to people's livelihood production,and Paying attention to the overall improvement of military strength,thus laying a system and economic foundation for the "three generations of civilization" and even the entire Chinese civilization of Xia,Shang and Zhou,and "light religion and people's livelihood".Although the "primary religious belief supremacy mode" was prominent for a while,it eventually faded out of the history of Chinese civilization.The "two kinds of model theory" is a theory of the birth of prehistoric civilization with Chinese characteristics,which is summarized according to the archaeological excavation and comparative research results of th
作者
胡义成
HU Yi-cheng(Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences,Xi'an 710065,China)
出处
《西安财经学院学报》
CSSCI
2019年第3期106-112,共7页
Journal of Xi’an University of Finance & Economics
