摘要
正如关于社会阶层和流动性不断激化的讨论显示,"教育改变命运"的观点已日益受到质疑。在保罗·威利斯1975年对英国工人阶级男孩展开的经典研究中,他毫不妥协地揭露了关于机会均等的自由主义意识形态只是一个空洞诺言,更重要的是,反文化的认知和表达自身采纳了结构条件的限制,同时又导致了这些条件的再生产。这部著作在社会学、人类学和教育学领域均被广泛阅读。尽管揭示了反文化这种矛盾背后的悲剧性机制,威利斯仍乐观地相信,在对抗主导话语的象征性行动中,存在激进的潜能。他深入的民族志描写不仅为关于结构和过程的理论争论做出了贡献,更是提供了一种方法论途径,鼓励广泛的田野调查,他相信"理论不确定性"便寓于其中。当学者愿意理解并与非正式文化群体沟通,相信他们的命运是可以改变的,民族志则应该能够成为"受支配的人自己的知识教育"。
As the increasing discussion over social stratification and mobility indicates,the idea of"education changes destiny"has progressively been brought into question.In his classic study of British working-class boys from 1975,which is widely read in the fields of sociology,anthropology,and education,Paul Willis uncompromisingly revealed that liberal ideology about equal opportunity was only an empty promise and,more importantly,how the counter-cultural cognition and expression adopted the constraints othe structural conditions and at the same time leads to the reproduction of them.Despite the tragic mechanism behind the contradictory counter-culture,Willis remained optimistic about the radical potential in the symbolic works against dominant discourse.His in-depth ethnographic description didn’t only contribute to the endless theoretical debate about Structure and Process,but also provided a methodological approach encouraging extensive fieldwork,in which he believed the "theoretical uncertainty"lies.Ethnography can reall"become the intellectual education of those who are governed",if the scholars are willing to understand and communicate with the informal cultural groups and believe that their fate can be changed.
出处
《中国非营利评论》
2019年第1期249-257,共9页
China Nonprofit Review
关键词
反文化
民族志方法论
工人阶级
Counter-culture
Ethnographic Methodology
Working Class
