摘要
语言资源概念的提出有40多年的时间。20世纪80年代,澳大利亚曾依照语言资源理念制定了《国家语言政策》。中国在21世纪初开始在语言规划中实践语言资源理念,建立了国家语言资源监测与研究中心,相继开展了中国语言资源有声数据库建设和中国语言资源保护工程,并与联合国教科文组织联合召开了“世界语言资源保护大会”,发布了《岳麓宣言》,成为世界上提倡语言资源理念、开展语言保护最为突出的国家。中国语言资源研究在语言规划的实践推动下展开,且与语言规划实践形成良性互动。语言资源研究从论证语言的资源性质到划分语言资源的类型,再发展到对语言资源功能的认识。本文较为详细地论述了语言资源的认识史、中国有关语言资源的实践和研究,并尝试把语言资源分为口头语言资源、书面语言资源和语言衍生资源(语言知识、语言技术、语言艺术、语言人才等)三类,分析了语言保护、语言信息处理和语言学习等语言资源的三大功能域,还提出了“语言知识观”,即语言不仅是一个符号系统,更是一个贮存人类语言知识体系及文化体系的知识库。依照“语言知识观”建设语言资源,才能满足语言保护和机器语言学习、人类语言学习的资源需要。
Forty years have passed since the concept of language resources was advanced.In the 1980s,Australia formulated the National Language Policy based on this concept.Since the beginning of the 21st century,China has started to put this concept into practice.National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center was established,and projects such as the Chinese Language Audio Database Resources and the National Project of Chinese Language Resource Preservation carried out.In cooperation with the UNESCO,China successfully held International Conference on Role of Linguistic Diversity in Building a Global Community with Shared Future and Yuelu Proclamation was adopted.China is outstanding for advocating the concept of language resources and implementing language protection.Research on China’s language resources is carried out on the bases of the practices of language planning.The focus of research has moved from the nature of language as resources and their classifi cation to the understanding of the functions of language resources.This article offers a detailed historical survey of the theories and practices of China’s language resources.It classifi es language resources into three kinds:oral,written,and derivative resources,and analyzes three functional domains of language resources:language reservation,language information processing and language learning.In addition,this paper proposes the view of language knowledge and regards language as not only a semiotic system,but also a bank for storing human language knowledge system and cultural system.
出处
《语言战略研究》
2019年第3期16-28,共13页
Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning
关键词
语言规划
语言资源
类型
功能
语言知识观
language planning
language resources
types
functions
the view of language knowledge
