摘要
为了了解不同水平百米运动员起跑加速技术的差异,以及影响起跑加速跑技术的主要因素,通过文献资料法、三维高速摄像解析法,对6名一级运动员和7名二级运动员的起跑加速技术进行研究。结果表明:准备姿势时,一级运动员后侧腿膝关节角度要显著大于二级运动员,一级运动员重心离起跑线间水平距离更近,一、二级运动员身体重心与前侧腿脚趾关节间水平距离间不具有显著性差异;蹬离起跑器过程中,一级运动员时间百分比更小,位移百分比更大,表明一级运动员起跑蹬离起跑器过程中蹬伸加速效果更好;从第1步到第4步支撑腿蹬离地面瞬间,一级运动员重心水平速度更大,而重心垂直速度更小,一、二级运动员支撑腿髋关节角度介于166.45°～172.35°之间,一、二级之间不存在显著性;前4步支撑从着地时刻到离地时刻,一、二级运动员在着地支撑阶段伸髋幅度要大于伸膝幅度,而优秀运动员表现出了伸膝幅度更小而伸髋幅度更大的趋势。
In order to understand the difference acceleration technique of the sprint starts from different level sprinters and the main factors that affect the sprint starts,In this paper,we used the method of literature and high-speed three-dimensional kinematics analysis,The techniques of sprint starts between first class athletes and second class athletes were studied,The result showed that the knee joint angle of the rear leg of the first class athletes was significantly higher than that of the second class athletes,The center of gravity was closer to the starting line,there was no significant difference in the horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the toe joint of the front leg,In the process of push off the starting block,the percentage of time for first class athletes was smaller and the percentage of displacement was larger. It is shown that first class athletes did better during the starting block phase from the first step to the fourth step of the sprint push-off. The horizontal velocity of the first class athletes was higher,the vertical velocity of gravity is smaller,the hip joint Angle of athletes support leg between 166.45°and 172.35°,There was no significant between the first class athletes and the second class athletes. The first four steps support from the landing to the moment of push-off,the hip extensional degree at the landing stage more than the knee,and the better athletes showed a tendency to stretch their knees even smaller and to expand their hips.
作者
王泽峰
毕志远
王新娜
何文捷
李建新
WANG Zefeng;BI Zhiyuan;WANG Xinna;HE Wenjie;LI Jianxin(China Institute of Sport Science,General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing 100061,China;Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,China;Hebei Sport University,Shijiazhuang 050041,China;Sport Information Center,General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing 100061,China;Hebei Institute of Sport Science,Shijiazhuang 066200,China)
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期150-155,共6页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费课题(项目编号:基本16-48)
关键词
百米
起跑
加速技术
一级运动员
二级运动员
men’s 100m run
block start
acceleration technique
first class athletes
the second class athletes
