摘要
茶馆作为北京城市历史发展进程中的重要空间载体,记录和承载着时代变迁与社会文化印记。清末民初北京老城的茶馆因其数量多、分布广,承载着北京人的生活记忆,蕴含了丰富的传统文化元素,成为北京城市重要的文化空间。通过整理1923年出版的《北京便览》,借助GIS分析工具,以1914年北京全图为底图进行地理匹配,得到清末民初北京老城的茶馆空间分布地图,并在此基础上进行空间特征分析。结果显示,清末民初北京老城茶馆空间分布总体呈现内外分化的特点;茶馆分为4类,其等级规模大小依次为:茶楼>茶轩>小茶馆>茶店,规模大、等级高、职能多的茶馆数量少于规模小、等级低的茶馆,且多分布在中心区或大的高等级市场内,而规模小、等级低、职能少的茶店则主要集中分布在外城且道路节点附近。研究发现,人口分布、城门因素、市场因素、胡同密度等对茶馆的空间分布特征具有一定的影响。
As an important space carrier in the historical development of Beijing city,teahouses record and carry the changes of the times and social and cultural imprints. From the late Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China,the teahouses in the old city of Beijing were widely distributed and carried a memory of the lives of the people of Beijing. They contained rich traditional cultural elements and became an important cultural space in Beijing. By arranging the“Beijing Fact Sheet”published in 1923,this paper uses GIS analysis tools to map the whole map of Beijing in 1914,obtains the spatial distribution map of the teahouse in the old city of Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and,on this basis,gives an analysis of its spatial characteristics. The results show that the spatial distribution of the old Beijing teahouse in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China is characterized by internal and external differentiations. The teahouses were divided into four categories,the order of which is: teahouse,tea pavilion,small teahouse and tea shop,and those high in scale had higher functions. The number of teahouses ( those high in scale) was less than that of small-scale teahouses,and they were mostly distributed in central districts or large high-level markets,while teahouses of small scale and low functions were mainly concentrated in the outer city and near crossroads. Factors such as population distribution,city gate factors,market factors,and alley density had certain influences on the spatial distribution characteristics of teahouses.
作者
寇成龙
Kou Chenglong(College of Applied Arts and Science,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《北京联合大学学报》
CAS
2019年第2期56-62,共7页
Journal of Beijing Union University
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771187)
关键词
清末民初
茶馆
空间分布
Late Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China
Teahouses
Spatial distribution
