摘要
探明城市三维景观格局对气象条件影响的规律性,可为城市规划与可持续发展提供科学依据与决策支持。以北京为例,利用北京市2011年大比例尺测绘数据,构建能够在小区尺度上表达景观结构及空间特征、同时可以在一定程度上反映出局地能量、辐射或动力学差异的三维景观格局指数;利用北京市2011年区域自动气象站观测数据,通过在不同空间尺度上开展三维景观格局指数与温度、湿度和风速3个表征局地气象条件的主要因子的相关性分析,研究城市三维景观格局对局地气象条件的影响。结果显示:在500、1 000和2 000 m范围内,景观容积密度(LVD)、景观高度密度(LHD)和天空开阔度(SVF)指数与区域大气环境温度和风速均显著相关;在1 000 m和2 000 m范围内,景观容积密度(LVD)、景观高度密度(LHD)和景观起伏度(LHR)与区域大气环境湿度显著相关。北京城市三维景观格局对大气环境的影响效应非常显著。城市三维空间密度(LVD)越大、高度密度(LHD)越大、景观起伏度(LHR)越大的地方,区域温度越高、湿度越低、风速越低;天空开阔度越低的地方,区域温度越高、风速越低。利用三维景观格局指数评估景观格局对区域气象环境的影响具有可行性,但要注意景观格局指数在空间尺度上的适用性。同时,本文构建的三维景观格局指数可作为地表统计参数来量化表达地表非均匀性特征,为大气数值模式中地表参数化方案提供了一种有效选择。
Proving the law of urban 3 dimension(3 D) landscape pattern’s impacts on meteorological conditions could provide scientific evidence and decision support for urban planning and sustainable develop. 3 D landscape indices capable to represent landscape structure and spatial feature and reflect regional difference of energy, radiance and dynamics, were proposed and built by using large scale surveying data of 2011 in Beijing in this paper. Using meteorology data obtained from local automatic observing stations in 2011, research about impacts of urban 3 D landscape pattern on regional meteorological conditions were conducted in different spatial scale through analysis of correlations between 3 D landscape indices and meteorological factors which were temperature, humidity and wind speed and typically represented local meteorological conditions. The results showed that: in range of500 m, 1 000 m and 2 000 m, landscape volume density(LVD), landscape height density(LHD) and sky view factor were significantly correlated with local atmosphere temperature and wind speed, while in the range of 1 000 m and 2 000 m, LVD, LHD and landscape height range(LHR) were significantly correlated with local atmosphere humidity. 3 D urban landscape pattern had significant effects on atmospheric environment. Regions with higher urban 3 D landscape volume density(LVD), or higher landscape height density(LHD), or higher landscape height range(LHR) suffered from higher temperature, lower humidity and wind speed. It is feasible to assess landscape’s impacts on local meteorological conditions by using 3 D landscape indices, but it is necessary to be cautious about their utility for spatial scale. Also, it is viable for representing land surface’s heterogeneous characteristics by using the 3 D landscape indices proposed in this paper as land surface statistic parameters, which could provide an effective option for parameterization schemes of atmospheric numerical simulation.
作者
栾庆祖
李波
叶彩华
张新时
张英
LUAN Qingzu;LI Bo;YE Caihua;ZHANG Xinshi;ZHANG Ying(Institute of Urban Meteorological, CMA, Beijing 100089, China;Beijing Municipal Climate Center, Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China;Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;Beijing Earthquake Agency, Beijing 100080, China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期514-522,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
北京市科技计划课题(Z161100002716028)
北京市优秀青年人才课题(2015400018760G294)
关键词
景观格局
三维
景观指数
气象
北京
landscape
3 dimension
landscape indices
meteorology
Beijing
