摘要
哺乳动物耳蜗是编码声音信号的器官,其中外毛细胞(Outer Hair Cells, OHCs)、内毛细胞(Inner Hair Cells, IHCs)与螺旋神经节神经元(Spiral Ganglion Neurons,SGNs)是将声波振动转化成神经信号的三个关键结构,其对声音暴露、耳毒性物质、衰老以及遗传缺陷等因素都很敏感。高强度的噪声暴露可以损伤耳蜗毛细胞等结构进而导致耳聋,最新研究表明,中-低强度噪声暴露可导致暂时性听阈升高,然而这种暴露常常并未引起耳蜗毛细胞的缺失或损伤;进一步的研究则发现内毛细胞和螺旋神经纤维之间的带状突触很容易受到噪声损伤,从而产生不可逆转病变,进而导致各种形式听功能的异常表现。内毛细胞带状突触(Ribbon Synapses)是听觉通路中第一个兴奋性传入突触,该结构对于声音的编码具有决定性作用。不同强度和频率的声刺激会引起带状突触在数量、结构、形态及功能方面发生相应的改变。本文通过对中-低等强度噪声暴露对小鼠耳蜗带状突触的影响以及它所引起的听觉障碍做一简要综述,希望对感音神经性耳聋患者的疾病预防有一定的指导。
In mammals, the cochlea is a specialized organ that encodes sound signals, in which outer hair cells (OHCs), inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion cells (SGNs) are three key structures that transmit sound vibration signals into the brain and are sensitive to sound trauma, ototoxic substances exposure, aging and environmental or genetic factors. High intensity noise exposure can damage structures such as hair cells in the cochlea and lead to deafness. Recent studies have shown that low to moderate intensity noise exposure can lead to a temporary threshold shift (TTS) while leave the inner hair cells unaffected, although there can be irreversible loss of synapses between the inner hair cell and SGC nerve fiber. The ribbon synapses of inner hair cells are the first excitatory synapses in the auditory pathway, which play a decisive role in sound encoding. Noise stimulation of different intensities and frequencies can cause corresponding alterations, named cochlear ribbon synapses plasticity, involving the number, morphology and function of the synapse. In this review, the effects of low to moderate intensity noise exposure on ribbon synapses in mice, as well as associated auditory disorders are summarized, so as to provide guidance for the prevention of sensorineural deafness.
作者
王园园
孙毓晗
柳柯
孔婷婷
WANG Yuanyuan;SUN Yuhan;LIU Ke;KONG Tingting(Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Hongqi Hospital,Mudanjiang Medical University,Mudanjiang 157011;Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100050;Laboratory of Otolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Clinical Research Institute,Beijing 100050)
出处
《中华耳科学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期203-208,共6页
Chinese Journal of Otology
基金
国家自然基金重点项目(81830030)
面上项目(81770997)
北京市基金委-教委重点项目(KZ201810025040)资助~~
关键词
噪声性听力损失
暂时性阈移
耳蜗带状突触
隐匿性听力损失
中-低强度噪声
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)
Temporary Threshold Shifts(TTS)
Cochlear Ribbon Synapses
Hidden Hearing Loss
Middle - low Intensity noise
