摘要
本文之目的在于从《民法总则》第143条入手来评价我国民法上的法律行为规范体系。"行为人具有相应的行为能力"在我国法上作为控制法律行为生效的要件之外,"意思能力"是否应该从"行为能力"中分出作为控制意思表示效力的要件从而使法律行为无效?例如,7岁的未成年人如果能够被证明有判断能力,不仅为侵权法上的"责任能力"留出接口,还可以为善意第三人保护、缔约过失责任留出适用空间;"意思表示真实"作为法律行为的控制要件,与整体的法律行为规范相矛盾。从其他规范来看,《民法总则》中的"意思表示"与法律行为的关系在内涵与外延、解释规则、合同解释等方面都存在问题;《民法总则》第43条中使用了"公序良俗"概念,但其与我国民法体系中使用的"社会公共利益"、"公共利益"概念的关系混乱,例如第143条使用"公序良俗",第185条又使用"社会公共利益",第117条又有"公共利益"。立法上应该用"公序良俗和公共利益"替代"社会公共利益"的概念。在征收制度中,只能用"公共利益"标准,但在限制行为自由方面,如法律行为无效,采用"公序良俗"和"公共利益"标准更合适。
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the legal behavior standard system in China from the article 143 of General principles of Civil Law.Except"The behavior has a corresponding capacity"as a factor controlling the force of legal behavior in our country’s law.Should"Capacity for meaning"be separated from"Capacity for conduct"as an element of controlling the effectiveness of the legal behavior and makes the legal behavior invalidate?For example,if a minor of 7 years of age can be proved to have judgment ability,not only can the law set aside an interface for the"liability capacity"in tort law,but also leave the applicable space for the protection of bona fide third parties and for the liability for contracting fault;As the control element of legal act,"intention expressed is genuine"is contradictory to the overall legal norms of conduct.Judging from other norms,The"declaration of will"and legal behavior has systemic problems in General Principles of Civil Law reflected in the connotation and extension,rules of interpretation,contracts,etc.In General Principles of Civil Law,the lawgiver applies the"public order and good customs"in this article,however,it has confusing relationship with the"social public interests"and"public interests",for example,Article 143 applies the"public order and good customs",Article 185 applies to"social public interests",and Article 117 goes with"public interests".After analysis,I believe that the concept of"public order and good customs"and"public interest"should be used instead of"social public interests".In the system of expropriation,the"public interest"criterion can only be used.But in terms of restricting behavior freedom,such as the null and void of the legal behavior,"public order and good customs"and"public interest"are more appropriate.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期55-69,共15页
Journal of Comparative Law
关键词
意思能力
行为能力
意思表示
法律行为
社会公共利益
公序良俗
capacity of will
capacity for conduct
declaration of will
legal behavior
social public interest
public order and good customs
