摘要
人工智能的发展将给未来的人机关系带来巨大的挑战。在预见与幻想的层面,不论其未来图景是基于融合科技的后人类演进,机器掌控世界还是少数精英掌控,人工智能的发展不仅可能导致社会不平等的激化,更令人忧思的是人类还剩下多少不会被机器取代的优势。在现实层面,人工智能当下的热点应用是数据智能,其实质就是通过智能算法对人的行为数据进行认知和分析,进而对其加以评价、预测乃至调控,人类社会由此进入评价社会与解析社会。数据智能及其算法使得反映人的特征与行为的数据画像成为其数据孪生,这不仅可能剥夺或削弱主体个体化的权力,还会令个体被消解为"分格",甚至沦为数据僵尸,而反制这种算法治理术的基本伦理策略是对智能算法及其权力进行伦理审计,并施以价值纠偏、伦理引导和伦理增强等争胜性策略。当前人工智能的伦理审度与调适应聚焦的两个具体问题是数据权利与算法权力的再平衡和人机关系的再平衡。
The development of AI will pose great challenges to human-machine relationship in the future.At the level of foresight and fantasy,whether its future scenario is post-human evolution based on the convergence technoscience,a world controlled by machine or a small group of elites,the development of AI may intensify social inequality.What is even more worrisome is that the humans will not have many advantages that are not replaced by machines.At the practical level,the current popular application of AI is data intelligence,the essence of which is to recognize and analyze human behavior data through intelligent algorithms,and then to evaluate,predict and even control them.As a result,the human society has become an evaluation-based and analytical society.Data Intelligence and its algorithms make the data profile that reflects human characteristics and behaviors become data twin of people,which not only deprives an individual of“individualism”,but also decomposes the individual into“individualism”and even into data zombies.The basic ethical strategy of counteracting this kind of algorithmic control is to audit the intelligent algorithm and its power ethically,and to apply adversary strategies such as value correction,ethical guidance and ethical enhancement.In addition,the two specific problems of ethical evaluation and adaptation focus of AI are the rebalancing of data rights and algorithm power,and the rebalancing of man-machine relationship.
作者
段伟文
DUAN Weiwen(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《当代美国评论》
2019年第1期24-38,120,共16页
Contemporary American Review
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"智能革命与人类深度科技化前景的哲学研究"(项目批准号:17ZDA028)的资助
关键词
人工智能
数据智能
解析社会
社会伦理
数据权利
Artificial Intelligence
Analytical Society
Data Intelligence
Ethical Strategies
Data Rights
