摘要
本文面对智慧城市和新城市科学迅速发展的背景,立足新时期城市设计转型需求,针对新近涌现出的以机器学习、虚拟现实、计算机可视化等为代表的多种新技术和以街景数据、兴趣点数据、位置服务数据等为代表的多源城市数据开展讨论。继而对其所带来的城市设计新可能进行了探讨和展望,并对于相关典型工具和代表性案例进行了介绍。这些伴随新城市科学涌现的数据和技术不仅能够为城市设计在场地分析、设计开展和方案评估上带来工作方式的革新,而且有望进一步明确城市设计的专属技术体系,并以此推动城市设计的领域构建。
With the fast development of information and communication techniques,the availability of new urban data and new analytical tools triggers the generation of a new science of cities,i.e.,data-intensive analysis and computational approaches of cities to pursue deeply quantitative understandings.Urban design as an effort focusing on the making of lively urban places is gradually transforming toward a more human-scale and quality-control direction,which requires in-depth understandings on spatial features of the city and corresponded socioeconomic performance.In this context,urban design that was mainly based on designer’s experiences and intuition is facing new potentials generated from the new urban science.This paper,as a reflection of this trend,discusses new analytical tools such as machine learning,virtual reality,computer visualization,morphological analyses,and multi-sourced urban data such as street view images,points of interest,location-based service,based on the urban design transformation requirements.Specifically,the new analytical tools provide not only in-depth understandings on urban morphology but also algorithms and computational tools adaptive to complex built environment.The multi-sourced urban data provides not only fine-scale and quantitative data recording features of urban spaces but also human perception and behavior related to the spatial features.For instance,newly-proposed urban morphological tools like UNA and Form Syntax,are able to achieve a co-present of various kinds of urban morphological elements and their related performance.Newly-developed machine learning algorithms like SegNet and the availability of large amount of street view images make the measuring of streetscape features possible.In general,the integration of new urban data and new analytical tools leads to improvements on three directions that were hard to achieve:1)fine-scale spatial data but also covering large areas at the same time,2)quantitative description of urban morphological features,3)socio-economic performa
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
2019年第1期13-21,共9页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金(51708410
51878428)
住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划北京建筑大学北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心开放课题资助项目(UDC2017010412)
上海市浦江人才计划(17PGC107)
关键词
新城市科学
城市设计
多源城市数据
设计分析技术
New Urban Science
Urban Design
Multi-sourced Urban Data
Design-oriented Analytical Techniques
