摘要
为了明确掺混控释肥侧深施对稻田氮素损失的控制效果,采用大田试验,以武运粳23号为试验材料,通过设置无机化肥常规用量分次施用(CN)、掺混控释肥梯度减量一次性基施(常规用量、减量10%、减量20%和减量30%)共5个处理,研究了掺混控释肥(RBB)减量对太湖地区稻田田面水不同形态氮素浓度的影响及产量效益。结果表明,与无机化肥常规用量分次施用CN处理(270 kg/hm^2)相比,RBB减量10%～30%不会造成水稻减产。田面水氮素以铵态氮为主,无机化肥施用后田面水氮素浓度在施肥后1～2 d即达到峰值浓度,此后逐渐下降;掺混控释肥处理的3个肥期田面水氮素峰值浓度较低,均显著低于CN处理。由于田面水氮素以铵态氮为主,因此总氮均值浓度降低幅度与铵态氮较一致。其中,基肥期、蘖肥期、穗肥期田面水总氮均值浓度两年降低幅度分别为87.19%～93.87%(2015年)和76.93%～83.48%(2016年),69.74%～79.73%(2015年)和74.46%～87.52%(2016年),94.43%～96.69%(2015年)和95.52%～96.57%(2016年)。RBB减量能够降低前期(基肥期和蘖肥期)田面水氮浓度,总体呈随用量减少而降低的趋势。但减量幅度相近处理的田面水氮素浓度未呈现一致性规律变化。结果说明,RBB施用减少了太湖地区稻田肥期氮素流失风险,RBB肥料用量为189～216 kg/hm^2能够在保证水稻产量的前提下降低前期田面水氮素浓度,减少氮素流失风险。
In order to make sure the control effect of side deep fertilization for resin blending controlled-release fertilizer(RBB)on nitrogen loss in paddy fields,a field experiment with Wuyunjing-23 rice was carried out to study the effect of reduced application of RBB on nitrogen concentration of surface water and rice yield in Taihu area.Five treatments,namely,conventional split fertilization(CN),RBB with conventional application rate(RBB1),reduction by 10%(RBB2),reduction by 20%(RBB3),and reduction by 30%(RBB4),were set up.The results showed that RBB reductions of 10%to 30%did not result in the reduction of rice yields when compared with CN treatment(270 kg/hm^2).The nitrogen in surface water was mainly ammonium nitrogen.And the nitrogen concentration of surface water reached the peak concentration on the first or second day,and then decreased after inorganic fertilizer application.The control effect of RBB on nitrogen release was better.The peak concentration of nitrogen in surface water in the three fertilizer periods was low,which was significantly lower than that of CN treatment.As the nitrogen in surface water was mainly ammonium nitrogen,the reduction of total nitrogen concentration was more consistent with ammonium nitrogen.And the mean of total nitrogen concentration at the basal,tillering,and jointing stages was reduced by 87.19%~93.87%(2015)and 76.93%~83.48%(2016),69.74%~79.73%(2015)and 74.46%~87.52%(2016),94.43%~96.69%(2015)and 95.52%~96.57%(2016).RBB reduction treatments reduced the total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen concentration in the early stage(basal and tillering stage),and showed a decrease trend with the application amount decreased.However,there was not a uniform regularity of nitrogen concentration in surface water between RBB reduction of 10%and 20%in 2015,20%and 30%in 2016.The results indicated that the application of RBB reduced the nitrogen loss risk in the paddy field in Taihu area.And RBB rate with 189~216 kg/hm^2 reduced the nitrogen concentration of surface water and nitrogen loss risk
作者
侯朋福
薛利祥
周玉玲
李刚华
杨林章
薛利红
HOU Peng-fu;XUE Li-xiang;ZHOU Yu-ling;LI Gang-hua;YANG Lin-zhang;XUE Li-hong(Key Lab of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014;College of Agronomy,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期16-21,共6页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目课题"河网平原区稻田面源污染防控技术集成与示范"(2016YFD0801101)
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题"太滆运河农业复合污染控制与清洁流域技术集成与应用"(2017ZX07202004)
国家自然科学基金"秸秆生物炭与硝化抑制剂配施对南方典型水稻土氮素转化过程的影响"(41601319)
关键词
水稻
掺混控释肥
减量
产量
田面水氮浓度
rice
resin blending controlled-release fertilizer
reduced application
yield
nitrogen concentration of surface water
