摘要
以减少氨挥发带来的面源污染问题为目的,通过调整氮肥管理模式,设置农户常规施肥处理、化肥减量施肥处理、缓控释肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理、按需施肥处理以及无氮处理6个管理模式试验,研究太湖地区施氮量与氮肥品种对氨挥发损失的影响。结果表明：氨挥发损失受施氮量的显著影响,施氮量减少22%-44%可降低氨挥发损失20.2%-35.3%。常规化肥处理下,基肥期与分蘖肥期氨挥发损失较为严重。同一施氮水平下,有机肥化肥配施可显著降低氨挥发;缓控释肥可明显减少基肥期氨挥发量,但后期效果不明显。氮肥用量由当前农户施氮水平减少22%时,不会对作物氮累积量与产量造成影响,可见适当降低施氮水平并搭配有机肥,是具产量可持续性及环境友好性的氮肥管理模式。
Pollution arose from ammonia volatilization in paddy field might be reduced by managing nitrogen（N）fertilization. Six nitrogen schemes, i.e. conventional N, Reduced N, Slow-release N（not for wheat season）, Organic chemical N combination, controlled release urea and no N, were employed to examine effects of N rates and types on ammonia volatilization. Applying 22%～44% less nitrogen reduced ammonia volatilization by 20.2%～35.3%. The amount of ammonia volatilization was higher in conventional nitrogen during the basal and tillering stages than other stages or other treatments. Organic-chemical N combination could significantly decrease the ammonia volatilization compared with pure urea treatment, while controlled release urea treatment could reduce the ammonia volatilization only at basal stage. Nitrogen application at 210 kg·hm^-2 did not affect crop yields and N accumulations. Results suggested that reduced nitrogen fertilizer and organic-chemical combination would be environment-friendly and ecological sustainable schemes for nitrogen management in Tai Lake region.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第8期1682-1689,共8页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
江苏省自助创新项目[CX(12)3046]
国家水专项(2008ZX07101-004
2012ZX07101-004)
环保部行业项目(201309035-7)
关键词
稻田
氨挥发
产量
氮肥减量
有机无机配施
缓控释肥
paddy fields
ammonia volatilization
yield
reduced nitrogen fertilizer
combined organic-chemical fertilizer
controlled-release fertilizer
