摘要
从磁共振结构成像、功能成像以及弥散张量成像的视角,对近20年来运动技能专家脑可塑性研究进行归纳与总结,探索以运动员为代表的粗大运动技能和以钢琴家为代表的精细运动技能领域专家的脑可塑性变化。研究发现,相比普通对照组,不同类型的运动技能专家表现出不同的脑可塑性变化特点;相同类型的运动技能专家也表现出不同的可塑性变化结果。这说明,脑在长期运动技能学习与训练过程中具有可塑性,可塑性脑区有共性也有差异,粗大运动技能和精细运动技能共同塑造的脑区主要表现在感觉运动系统、注意系统、边缘和皮质下系统等;运动员脑灰质可塑性变化还体现在视觉系统,钢琴演奏家的脑灰质可塑性变化还体现在听觉系统。运动技能专家脑可塑性变化可能是对特定运动技能进行长期深入学习训练的结果,但是,运动技能专家脑可塑性变化不仅与执行的特定运动技能任务相关,样本构成、被试性别、专家的选择、专家的经验、控制组和专家组的匹配等因素也可能会影响计算结果,进而影响对运动技能专家脑可塑性的认识。
From the perspective of magnetic resonance structural imaging,functional imaging and diffusion tensor imaging,experts on brain plasticity in the areas of gross motor skills and fine motor skills of the past 20 years were summarized,and the plasticity of brains were explored in the field of gross motor skills represented by athletes and experts in fine motor skills represented by pianists.The result showed that different types of motor skill experts showed different patterns of neural plasticity in the brain compared to normal controls;whereas experts practicing the same type of motor skills could also show different patterns of neural plasticity in the brain.It showed that the long-term motor skills learning and training have effects on the plasticity of brain nerves,and there are common and different brain plasticity areas.The brain regions that are shaped by gross motor skills and fine motor skills are mainly manifested in the sensorimotor system,attention system,marginal and subcortical systems,etc.The change of the athlete’s gray matter plasticity is also reflected in the visual system,and the pianist’s gray matter plasticity change is also reflected in the auditory system.The brain plasticity changes of the motor skill experts may be the result of long-term deep learning of specific motor skills.However,the brain plasticity changes of the motor skill experts are not only related to the specific motor skill,but also related to the sample composition,sex of the subject,and choice of expert.Factors such as the experience of experts,the matching of the control group and the expert group may also be responsible for the changes in brain plasticity.
作者
任占兵
胡琳琳
张远超
徐敏
李论雄
夏丰光
黄瑞旺
REN Zhanbing;HU Linlin;ZHANG Yuanchao;XU Min;LI Lunxiong;XIA Fengguang;HUANG Ruiwang(Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 625014,China;South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期3-18,共16页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(11002036)
关键词
运动技能专家
脑可塑性
磁共振成像
motor skill expert
brain plasticity
magnetic resonance imaging
