摘要
为不断满足国民经济的发展需求,改革开放40年来中国大力发展了重载铁路运输,取得了巨大的成就。在这40年里,中国重载铁路最大列车牵引重量从3500 t到3万t,重载铁路线路从既有线路扩能改造,到新建大秦铁路、包神铁路、神朔铁路、朔黄铁路,再到中国第一条30 t轴重设计标准的山西中南部铁路,直到正新建的最长运煤专线蒙华铁路,中国铁路科技人员始终秉承"交通强国、铁路先行"的理念,不断提升和优化铁路重载技术。当前,中国已经拥有了25 t、27 t轴重重载铁路的成套成熟技术和标准体系,也发展出中国特有的30 t轴重重载铁路技术。在概述世界重载铁路发展历程的基础上,论述了1980年代中国重载铁路既有线路扩能改造工程,重点介绍了改革开放40年来中国重点建设的、发挥重要作用并取得巨大成就的几条重载运输大通道;介绍了重载铁路技术面临的长期挑战;从机车、货车、轨道、控制和通信技术方面重点阐述了取得的进展和技术成就以及重载运输的国际合作交流情况和相关重大获奖成果;结合现今世界重载铁路发展趋势和中国铁路技术现状,提出了中国重载铁路发展的重点和方向:大轴重重载铁路技术、多式联运技术、重载快捷化技术和清洁化、智能化、互联互通化。
Over the past 40 years of Reform and Opening up,China has been vigorously developing heavy-haul railway in order to meet the needs of the growing national economy and has made significant achievements.In the past 40 years,the maximum traction weight of Chinese heavy-haul railway has been improved from 3500 tons to 30000 tons.Transportation lines of heavy-haul railway were transformed from expansion of existing lines to building new ones such as Datong-Qinhuangdao railway,Baotou-Shenmu railway,Shenmu-Shuozhou railway,Shuozhou-Huanghua railway,Chinese first 30-ton axle-load line-Shanxi’s Mid-South region railway,and the longest special coal transportation line-Inner Mongolia-Jiangxi railway,which is currently under construction.Upholding the concept of“railway construction leads to a stronger transportation country”,the railway technicians have been upgrading and optimizing heavy-haul technology.Nowadays,China has owned a complete set of mature technologies and standard system for 25 tons and 27 tons axle-load heavy-haul railways,and has developed distinctive 30 tons axle-load heavy-haul railway technologies.In this article,the world’s heavy-haul railways are outlined,and the capacity expansion of existing heavy-haul railways of China in the 1980s are highlighted,with a focus on summarizing several major heavy-haul transport corridors that have been given great efforts,which played an important role and have made great achievements in the past 40 years of Reform and Opening up,and the long-term challenges facing heavy-haul railway technology.It also highlighted significant progress and technological achievements in locomotive,wagon,track,control and communication industries.Then,it commented on international cooperation and communications as well as related major award-winning achievements in heavy-haul transportation.Finally,combined with the development trend of world’s heavy-haul technologies and the current situation of Chinese railway technologies,the main development trend and directions of heavy-ha
作者
刘建新
蔡久凤
LIU Jianxin;CAI Jiufeng(State-Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031,Sichuan, China;School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China)
出处
《长安大学学报（社会科学版）》
2018年第6期68-79,共12页
Journal of Chang'an University(Social Science Edition)
关键词
改革开放
重载铁路
运输通道
技术进展
国际合作
Reform and Opening up
heavy-haul railway
transport corridor
technological progress
international cooperation
